Editing History of Guinea (section)

===Sékou Touré's rule (1958–1984)===
{{Infobox former country
| native_name            = ''République de Guinée'' ([[French language|French]])<br />''République populaire révolutionnaire de Guinée'' ([[French language|French]])
| currency               = [[Guinean franc]]
| title_leader           = [[List of presidents of Guinea|President]]
| life_span              = 1958–1984
| leader1                = [[Sékou Touré]]
| year_leader2           = 1984
| leader2                = [[Louis Lansana Beavogui]]
| year_leader3           = 1984
| leader3                = [[Lansana Conté]]
| life_span1             = 1958–1984
| year_leader1           = 1958–1984
| title_deputy           = [[List of prime ministers of Guinea|Prime Minister]]
| deputy1                = [[Louis Lansana Beavogui]]
| year_deputy2           = 1984
| deputy2                = [[Diarra Traoré]]
| year_deputy1           = 1972–1984
| stat_year1             = 
| stat_area1             = 
| stat_pop1              = 
| calling_code           = 224
| footnotes              = 
| capital                = [[Conakry]]
| today                  = [[Guinea]]
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| government_type        = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[one-party state|one-party]] [[socialist republic]] until 3 April 1984
| common_languages       = [[French language|French]]
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Guinea (1958–1978)<br />People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1978–1984)
| year_end               = 1984
| common_name            = Guinea
| linking_name           = People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea
| national_motto         = Work, Justice, Solidarity
| national_anthem        = ''[[Liberté (anthem)|Liberté]]''
| era                    = Cold War
| year_start             = 
| event_start            = Established
| date_start             = 2 October
| event1                 = [[1984 Guinean coup d'état]]
| date_event1            = 3 April 1984
| event_end              = Disestablished
| date_end               = 23 May
| p1                     = French Guinea
| image_map              = Location Guinea AU Africa.svg
| flag_p1                = Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg
| s1                     = Guinea
| flag_s1                = Flag of Guinea.svg
| flag                   = Flag of Guinea
| image_flag             = Flag of Guinea.svg
| symbol                 = Coat of arms of Guinea
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Guinea 1958-1984.svg
| symbol_type            = Coat of Arms
| HDI_year               = 
}}

French President [[Charles de Gaulle]] warned U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] not to embrace Guinea or France would leave NATO's integrated military structure and tell United States troops to leave France. As a result, the United States did not engage with the Touré government, in response Guinea quickly turned to the Soviet Union—making it the Kremlin's first success story in Africa. Following France's withdrawal, Guinea quickly aligned itself with the [[Soviet Union]] and adopted socialist policies. This alliance was short lived, however, as Guinea moved towards a Chinese model of socialism.  Nevertheless, President John F. Kennedy and his Peace Corps director [[Sargent Shriver]] tried even harder than the Kremlin's [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. By 1963 Guinea had shifted away from Moscow into a closer friendship with Washington.<ref>Philip E. Muehlenbeck, "Kennedy and Toure: A success in personal diplomacy." ''Diplomacy and Statecraft'' 19.1 (2008): 69-95. [http://www.academia.edu/download/41358717/Diplomacy___Statecraft.pdf online]{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>  Guinea relied more and more on aid and investment from the U.S. Even the relationship with France improved, after the election of [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] as president, trade increased and the two countries exchanged diplomatic visits.

By 1960, Touré had declared the PDG the only legal party.  For the next 24 years, the government and the PDG were one.  Touré was reelected unopposed to four seven-year terms as president, and every five years voters were presented with a single list of PDG candidates for the National Assembly.  Advocating a hybrid [[African Socialism]] domestically and [[Pan-Africanism]] abroad, Touré quickly became a polarising leader, and his government became intolerant of dissent, imprisoning hundreds, and stifling free press.

At the same time, the Guinean government nationalised land, removed French appointed and traditional chiefs from power, and broke ties with French government and companies. Vacillating between support for the [[Soviet Union]] and (by the late 1970s) the United States, Guinea's economic situation became as unpredictable as its diplomatic line. Alleging plots and conspiracies against him at home and abroad, Touré's regime targeted real and imagined opponents, driving thousands of political opponents into exile.

In 1970, Portuguese forces, from neighboring [[Portuguese Guinea]], staged [[Operation Green Sea]], a raid into Guinea with the support of exiled Guinean opposition forces. Among other goals, the Portuguese military wanted to kill or capture Sékou Touré due his support of the [[PAIGC]], a guerilla movement operating inside Portuguese Guinea.<ref>
"Mr Sékou Touré, who gave the PAIGC unstinted support during its war against the Portuguese,..."[http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13213487 Black revolt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308154755/http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13213487 |date=2009-03-08 }}, [[The Economist]] (Nov 22nd 1980)
</ref> After several days of fierce fighting, the Portuguese forces retreated without achieving most of their goals. The regime of Sékou Touré increased the number of internal arrests and executions.

The [[Guinean Market Women's Revolt]] in 1977 resulted in the regime's softening of economic restrictions and began a turn away from the radical socialism previously practiced by the government.

Sékou Touré died on March 26, 1984, after a heart operation in the United States, and was replaced by [[Heads of Government of Guinea|Prime Minister]] [[Louis Lansana Beavogui]], who was to serve as interim president pending new elections.