Editing History of Esperanto (section)

== Timeline of Esperanto ==
* 1859: [[L. L. Zamenhof]], the creator of Esperanto, is born in [[Białystok]], Russia (now Poland).
* 1873: The Zamenhof family moves to [[Warsaw]].
* 1878: Zamenhof celebrates the completion of his universal language project, ''[[Proto-Esperanto#The Lingwe uniwersala of 1878|Lingwe Uniwersala]]'', with high school friends.
* 1879: Zamenhof attends medical school in Moscow. His father burns his language project while he's away. Meanwhile [[Johann Martin Schleyer|Schleyer]] publishes a sketch of [[Volapük]], the first [[constructed language|constructed international auxiliary language]] to acquire a number of speakers. Many Volapük clubs will later switch to Esperanto.
* 1881: Zamenhof returns to Warsaw to continue medical school, and starts to recreate his project.
* 1887: Zamenhof marries. In July, with his wife's financial help, he publishes ''[[Unua Libro]]'', the first publication introducing Esperanto, in Russian. Polish, German, and French translations are published later that year.
* 1888: [[Leo Tolstoy]] becomes an early supporter. Zamenhof publishes ''[[Dua Libro]]'', as well as the first English-language edition of ''Unua Libro'', which proved to be filled with errors.
* 1889: The second English-language edition of ''Unua Libro'' is published in January, translated by [[Richard H. Geoghegan]], and becomes the standard English translation. Henry Phillips Jr., of the American Philosophical Society, also translates ''Unua Libro'' into English. The first volume of ''[[La Esperantisto]]'' is published in September. The language begins to be called ''Esperanto''.
* 1894: Zamenhof, reacting to pressure, puts a radical reform to a vote, but it is overwhelmingly rejected. That version of Esperanto is often referred to as [[Reformed Esperanto|Esperanto 1894]].
* 1895: ''La Esperantisto'' ceases publication. ''[[Lingvo Internacia (periodical)|Lingvo Internacia]]'' begins publication in December.
* 1901: Zamenhof publishes [[Homaranismo|his ideas on a universal religion]], based on the philosophy of [[Hillel the Elder]].
* 1905: ''[[Fundamento de Esperanto]]'' is published in the spring. The first [[World Esperanto Congress]] is held in [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]], with 688 participants and conducted entirely in Esperanto. The [[Declaration of Boulogne]] is drafted and ratified at the congress.
* 1906: The second [[World Esperanto Congress]] is held in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], drawing 1200 participants. ''[[La Revuo]]'' begins publication.
* 1907: Twelve members of the British parliament nominate Zamenhof for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. The ''Ĉekbanko Esperantista'' (Esperantist Checking Bank) is founded in London, using the ''[[spesmilo]]'', an auxiliary Esperanto currency based on the [[gold standard]]. A committee organised by [[Louis Couturat]] in Paris proposes the Ido reform project, which provides significant competition for Esperanto until the First World War.
* 1908: The [[Universal Esperanto Association]] is founded by [[Hector Hodler]], a 19-year-old Swiss Esperantist.
* 1909: The International Association of Esperantist Railway Workers is founded in [[Barcelona]].
* 1910s: Esperanto is taught in state schools in the Republic of China, [[Samos]], and [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].
* 1910: 42 members of the French parliament nominate Zamenhof for the Nobel Peace Prize.
* 1914: ''Lingvo Internacia'' and ''La Revuo'' cease publication.
* 1917: Zamenhof dies during World War I.
* 1920: The first Esperanto magazine for the blind, ''Aŭroro'', begins publishing in then-[[Czechoslovakia]]. It's still in print today.
* 1921: The [[Académie des Sciences|French Academy of the Sciences]] recommends using Esperanto for international scientific communication.
* 1922: Esperanto is banned from French schools.
* 1924: The [[League of Nations]] recommends that member states implement Esperanto as an auxiliary language.
* 1920s: Offices of the Brazilian Ministry of Education use Esperanto for their international correspondence. [[Lu Xun]], the founder of modern Chinese literature, becomes a supporter of Esperanto. [[Montagu C. Butler]] is the first to raise Esperanto-speaking children.
* 1933/34: Reorganisation of the international (neutral) Esperanto movement, under the name UEA.
* 1934: [[Encyclopedia of Esperanto]] first published in [[Budapest]].
* 1935: [[Kálmán Kalocsay|Kalocsay]] and [[Gaston Waringhien|Waringhien]] publish the influential ''Plena Gramatiko de Esperanto'' (Complete Grammar of Esperanto). Esperanto and other planned languages ''de facto'' prohibited in [[Nazi Germany]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sadler |first1=Victor |title=Man, Language and Society: Contributions to the Sociology of Language |last2=Lins |first2=Ulrich |date=1972 |publisher=Mouton |editor-last=Ghosh |editor-first=S. K. |location=The Hague |pages=209<!--206–215--> |chapter=Regardless of Frontiers: A Case Study in Linguistic Persecution}}</ref> in May.
* 1936: All Esperanto organisations in Nazi Germany prohibited in June through the prohibition of the [[Universal Esperanto Association|UEA]] and [[Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda|SAT]] in June by Heinrich Himmler.
* 1937: Leaders of the Esperanto organisation in the [[Soviet Union]] arrested; Esperanto activities made impossible.
* 1938: The World Esperanto Youth Organisation [[TEJO]] is founded.
* 1939–1945: In World War II many countries are occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union, where Esperanto organisations often were prohibited or Esperanto activities were limited in other ways.
* 1948: The railway workers' association is refounded as [[IFEF]], the ''Internacia Fervojista Esperanto-Federacio'' (International Railway Workers' Esperanto Federation) to foster the use of Esperanto in the administration of the railroads of the world (so far, of Eurasia).
* 1954: [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] establishes consultative relations with the [[Universal Esperanto Association]].
* 1966: The precursor to ''[[Pasporta Servo]]'' is launched in Argentina. ''Pasporta Servo'' is a global network of Esperanto speakers who host Esperantists traveling through their countries.
* 1967: [[István Nemere]] founds the ''Renkontiĝo de Esperanto-Familioj'', the first organisation for Esperanto-speaking families.
* 1975: The Esperanto movement spreads to Iran, with three thousand learning the language in Tehran.
* 1980: The ''Internacia Junulara Kongreso'' (International Youth Congress) in [[Rauma, Finland]] ratify the [[Manifesto of Rauma]], articulating the view of many in the Esperanto movement that Esperanto is a goal in itself.
* 1985: UNESCO encourages UN member states to add Esperanto to their school curricula.
* 1987: 6000 Esperantists attend the 72nd [[World Esperanto Congress]] in [[Warsaw]], marking Esperanto's centennial.
* 1991: The first pan-African Esperanto Conference is held in [[Lomé]], Togo.
* 1992: PEN International accepts an Esperanto section.
* 1999: The Esperanto poet [[William Auld]] is nominated for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].
* 2001: The [[:eo:Vikipedio:Ĉefpaĝo|Vikipedio]] project ([[Esperanto Wikipedia]]) is launched, resulting in the first general encyclopedia written in a constructed language. It is now one of the most popular websites in Esperanto.
* 2004: The [[Europe–Democracy–Esperanto]] party (E°D°E°) contests the [[2004 European Parliament election|European Parliament elections]] in France, on a platform of making Esperanto the second language of all EU member states, taking 0.15% of the vote.
* 2007: [[Israel]] issues a stamp to commemorate 120 years of Esperanto (1887–2007). An image of Zamenhof is designed in a text describing his life, reproduced from the Wikipedia article on Esperanto. The corner of the tab shows the flag of the Esperanto movement.
* 2009: The [[Senate of Brazil]] passed a bill which would make Esperanto an optional part of the curriculum in its [[state school]]s. As of 2010 the bill has not yet been passed by the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PLS 27/2008 |url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/83989 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Senado Federal |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PL-6162/2009 |url=https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=454210 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-18 |title=Entidades manifestam apoio à proposta de incluir ensino de Esperanto na grade de disciplinas da rede pública |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2009/06/18/entidades-manifestam-apoio-a-proposta-de-incluir-ensino-de-esperanto-na-grade-de-disciplinas-da-rede-publica |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Senado Notícias |language=pt}}</ref>
* 2015: The 100th [[World Esperanto Congress]] is held in [[Lille]], France. [[Duolingo]] launches its Esperanto program.
* 2017: [[Amikumu]] is launched, an app connecting Esperantists with other local Esperantists throughout the world.