Editing History of Egypt (section)

=== Second Achaemenid conquest ===
The [[Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt]], also known as the Second Egyptian [[Satrap]]y, was effectively a short-living province of the Achaemenid Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalinks.com/dynasty31.html|title=Thirty First Dynasty of Egypt |website=CrystaLink |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> After an interval of independence, during which three indigenous dynasties reigned (the [[Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt|28th]], [[Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt|29th]] and [[Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt|30th dynasty]]), [[Artaxerxes III]] (358–338 BC) reconquered the Nile valley for a brief second period (343–332 BC), which is called the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, thus starting another period of pharaohs of Persian origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crystalinks.com/Late_Period_Egypt.html|title=Late Period of Ancient Egypt |website=CrystaLink |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>

A team led by [[Johannes Krause]] managed the first reliable sequencing of the genomes of 90 mummified individuals in 2017. Whilst not conclusive, because of the non-exhaustive time frame and restricted location that the mummies represent, their study nevertheless showed that these Ancient Egyptians "closely resembled ancient and modern Near Eastern populations, especially those in the Levant, and had almost no DNA from sub-Saharan Africa. What's more, the genetics of the mummies remained remarkably consistent even as different powers—including Nubians, Greeks, and Romans—conquered the empire".<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Wade | first=L. | year=2017 | title=Egyptian mummy DNA, at last | url= https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-thought-ancient-egyptian-mummies-didn-t-have-any-dna-left-they-were-wrong | journal= [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume=356 | issue=6341 |page = 894 | doi=10.1126/science.356.6341.894 | pmid=28572344 }}</ref>