Editing History of Croatia (section)

=== Interregnum ===
King Zvonimir was succeeded by [[Stephen II of Croatia|Stjepan II]] who died in 1091, ending the [[House of Trpimirović|Trpimirović]] dynasty. As Kingdom of Croatia descended in another feudal power struggle, Zvonimir's widow [[Helena of Hungary, Queen of Croatia|Jelena (Helen)]], who was the daughter of Hungarian king [[Béla I of Hungary|Béla I]], invited her brother [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]] to come to Croatia and claim Croatian royal crown. Meanwhile, in Croatia, [[Petar Snačić]], another pretender to the royal throne arose,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-14 |title=HRVATSKI KRALJEVI (12) Petar Snačić, posljednji kralj narodne krvi, poginuo je od mađarske ruke na Gvozdu |url=https://www.croexpress.eu/hrvatski-kraljevi-12-petar-snacic-posljednji-kralj-narodne-krvi-poginuo-je-od-madarske-ruke-na-gvozdu/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=CroExpress │Informativni medij Hrvata izvan Republike Hrvatske}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Posljednji hrvatski kralj Petar bio je Snačić |url=https://vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr/vojna-povijest/posljednji-hrvatski-narodni-kralj-petar-bio-je-snacic-a-ne-svacic-925272 |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr |language=hr}}</ref> but his army was defeated by Hungarians in [[Battle of Gvozd Mountain]] where Snačić was killed. Hungarian king Coloman continued to lay claims on throne of Croatia and eventually a [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|personal union between Croatia and Hungary]] was created in 1102 with Hungarian king as its ruler.<ref name="HR-HU-Heka">{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|trans-title=Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> This meant that Croatia and Hungary still remained separate kingdoms which are connected only by a common king,<ref name=":9">Macan, 45</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungary - Politics and Society under Stephen's Successors |url=https://countrystudies.us/hungary/7.htm |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=countrystudies.us |quote=In 1090 Laszlo I (1077-95) occupied Slavonia, and in 1103 Kalman I (1095-1116) assumed the title of king of Croatia. Croatia was never assimilated into Hungary; rather, it became an associate kingdom administered by a ban, or civil governor.}}</ref> therefore from the reign of Coloman onwards, Hungarian kings bore official title of "king of Hungary, Dalmatia and Croatia".<ref>Margetić, ''Zagreb i Slavonija'', 92</ref> Another example was a coronation process as new kings of Hungary continued to be separately crowned kings of Croatia from the times of Coloman, until [[Andrew II of Hungary|Andrew II]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klaić |first=Vjekoslav |date=1905 |title=O krunisanju ugarskih Arpadovića za kraljeve Hrvatske i Dalmacije |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/broj/4020 |journal=Vjesnik arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu |volume=8 |issue=1}}</ref> There was also an institution of [[Ban of Croatia|ban (viceroy) of Croatia]] representing a royal deputy, separate tax system, money and army.<ref name=":9" /> According to one group of historians, during this interregnum, Croatia was simply conquered by Hungarians, while another group of historians thinks that king Coloman and Croatian nobility possibly reached some kind of agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pacta conventa - Hrvatska enciklopedija |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/pacta-conventa |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.enciklopedija.hr}}</ref>