Editing History of Bavaria (section)

=== Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian periods ===
[[File:Holy Roman Empire 1000 map-en.svg|thumb|Bavaria within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in AD 1000, forming the southeasternmost part of the [[kingdom of Germany]], bordered by the [[March of Verona]] to the south, and the [[March of Carinthia]] to the east]]

In 920 AD, Conrad's successor was the German king, [[Henry the Fowler]] of the [[Ottonian]] dynasty. Henry recognized Arnulf as duke, confirming his right to appoint bishops, coin money, and issue laws.

A similar conflict took place between Arnulf's son and successor [[Eberhard, Duke of Bavaria|Eberhard]] and Henry's son [[Otto I the Great]]. Eberhard proved less successful than his father, and in 938 AD, fled from Bavaria, which Otto granted (with reduced privileges) to the late duke's uncle, [[Bertold, Duke of Bavaria|Bertold]]. Otto also appointed a [[count palatine]] in the person of Eberhard's brother, [[Arnulf, Count Palatine of Bavaria|Arnulf]] to watch the royal interests.

When Bertold died in 947 AD, Otto conferred the duchy upon his own brother [[Henry I, Duke of Bavaria|Henry]], who had married Judith, a daughter of Duke Arnulf. The Bavarians disliked Henry, who spent his short reign mainly in disputes with his people.

The ravages of the Hungarians ceased after their defeat on the [[Battle of Lechfeld|Lechfeld]] (955 AD) and the area of the duchy was augmented for a time by the addition of certain adjacent districts in Italy.
[[File:Kronung Heinrich II.jpg|thumb|[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry II]]]]
In 955 AD, Henry's young son [[Henry II, Duke of Bavaria|Henry]], surnamed the Quarrelsome, succeeded him, but in 974 AD he became involved in a conspiracy against King [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]. The rising occurred because the king had granted the [[Duchy of Swabia]] to Henry's enemy, [[Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria|Otto]], a grandson of Emperor Otto the Great, and had given the new [[Bavarian Eastern March]], subsequently known as [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]], to [[Leopold I of Austria (Babenberg)|Leopold of Babenberg]]. The revolt soon failed but Henry, who on his escape from prison renewed his plots, formally lost his Duchy of Bavaria in 976 AD to Otto, Duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]]. At the same time, [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] was made a separate duchy, the office of Count Palatine was reestablished, and the Bavarian church became dependent on the king instead of on the duke.

Bavaria at this stage included the [[Inn River|Inn basin]] (including [[Salzburg]] and the [[Salzach]] basin) and the [[Danube]] from [[Donauwörth]] ([[Lech (river)|Lech]] confluence) to [[Linz]]; the [[March of Verona]] ([[South Tyrol]]) briefly fell to Bavaria (952 AD) before passing to Carinthia (976 AD). The most important Bavarian cities at the time were [[Freising]], [[Passau]], [[Salzburg]] and [[Regensburg]].

Restored in 985 AD, Henry proved himself a capable ruler, establishing internal order, issuing important laws, and taking measures to reform the monasteries. In 1002 AD, his son and successor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] gave Bavaria to his brother-in-law [[Henry V, Duke of Bavaria|Henry]] of [[Luxembourg]], after whose death in 1026 AD it passed successively to Henry, afterward Emperor [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], and then to another member of the family of Luxembourg, ruling as Duke [[Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria|Henry VII]]. In 1061 AD, [[Agnes de Poitou|Empress Agnes]], mother and regent of the German king [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]], entrusted the duchy to [[Otto of Nordheim]].