Editing History of Antarctica (section)

====''San Telmo''====
On September 2, 1819, the Spanish ship ''[[San Telmo (Spanish ship)|San Telmo]]'' was lost in a storm in the Drake Passage. There were 644 people on board, including soldiers who were supposed to support [[Spanish American wars of independence|Spanish forces in Peru]]. There is speculation that the ship may have sunk near the South Shetland Islands, and even left survivors there. On the [[Half Moon Beach]] next to the [[Doctor Guillermo Mann Base]] stands a plaque commemorating the sinking of the ''San Telmo''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navío San Telmo |url=https://www.todoababor.es/listado/navio-santelmo.htm#google_vignette |website=Todo a Babor}}</ref><ref name=atcm>{{cite web |url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title= List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|access-date=2014-01-04 |publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat |year=2012}}</ref>

It is believed that William Smith found the remains of ''San Telmo'' on Livingston Island,<ref>{{Cite thesis|publisher=University of Canterbury|type=PGCert|last=Xin|first=Zhang|date=2010|title=Be careful, Here is Antarctica - the statistics and analysis of the grave accidents in Antarctica|url=https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/13919|language=en|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630103119/https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/13919|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zarankin|first1=Andrés|last2=Senatore|first2=María Ximena|date=2005|title=Archaeology in Antarctica: Nineteenth-Century Capitalism Expansion Strategies|journal=International Journal of Historical Archaeology|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=43–56|doi=10.1007/s10761-005-5672-y|s2cid=55849547|issn=1092-7697}}</ref><ref name="(España)1987">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a77vjMllkN4C&pg=PA263|title=Comunicaciones presentadas en el Primer Symposium Español de Estudios Antárticos: celebrado en Palma de Mallorca del 30 de junio al 4 de julio de 1985|author=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)|publisher=CSIC Press|year=1987|isbn=978-84-00-06530-0|language=es|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630103128/https://books.google.com/books?id=a77vjMllkN4C&pg=PA263|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Martín-Cancela2018">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_apSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA296|title=Tras las huellas del San Telmo: contexto, historia y arqueología en la Antártida|last=Martín-Cancela|date=9 March 2018|publisher=Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza|isbn=978-84-17358-23-5|language=es|access-date=1 November 2020|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630103127/https://books.google.com/books?id=_apSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA296|url-status=live}}</ref> but Smith himself never mentioned it and the information is second-hand. There is also uncertainty about where the wreck was actually discovered. Smith landed on Livingston Island only during his fifth voyage to the archipelago, after the expedition commanded by Bransfield. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that Smith named a bay on King George Island 'Shirreff Bay,' but on a subsequent expedition, Bransfield did not confirm this name in the official records, as he had already named a location 'Cape Shirreff' on Livingston Island. There are doubts as to whether the modest remains were related to ''San Telmo''. During the first season at the turn of 1820 and 1821, four sealing ships were wrecked on the islands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cazenave de la Roche |first=Arnaud |date=2019 |title=Pesquisas sobre el descubrimiento de la Antártida: tras la estela del Williams of Blyth y del San Telmo (1819-1821) |url=http://fh.mdp.edu.ar/revistas/index.php/magallanica/article/view/3903 |journal=Magallánica: Revista de historia moderna |language=es |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=276–317 |issn=2422-779X |hdl=10261/245877 |access-date=2020-11-01 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806233651/http://fh.mdp.edu.ar/revistas/index.php/magallanica/article/view/3903 |url-status=live }}</ref>