Editing Hissène Habré (section)

===Allegations of crimes against humanity===
Human rights groups hold Habré responsible for the killing of thousands of people, but the exact number is unknown.<ref name="Savadogo 2014 105–127">{{Cite journal|last=Savadogo|first=Raymond|date=2014|title=Les Chambres africaines extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux sénégalais : quoi de si extraordinaire ?|url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ei/2014-v45-n1-ei01412/1025119ar/|journal=Études internationales|language=fr|volume=45|issue=1|pages=105–127|doi=10.7202/1025119ar|issn=0014-2123|doi-access=}}</ref> Killings included massacres against ethnic groups in the south (1984), against the [[Hadjerai]] (1987), and against the [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]] (1989). Human Rights Watch charged him with having authorized tens of thousands of political murders and physical [[torture]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Senegal: US Urges Action on Chadian Ex-Dictator's Trial|publisher=Human Rights Watch|url=http://hrw.org/justice/habre/intro_web2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175433/http://www.hrw.org/en/habre-case|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Habré had been called "the African Pinochet,"<ref name="NYTimes"/><ref name="BBC News"/><ref name="BBC News 2015">{{cite news|title=Chad's Hissene Habre: Battle to bring 'Africa's Pinochet' to court|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-33566865|access-date=30 May 2016|publisher=BBC News|date=20 July 2015}}</ref> in reference to former Chilean dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]].<ref name="NYTimes"/> Habre would personally sign death warrants and oversee torture sessions, and was accused of personally participating in torture and rape.<ref>{{cite news |last=Maclean |first=Ruth |date=18 September 2016 |title='I told my story face to face with Habré': courageous rape survivors make history|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/sep/18/hissene-habre-chad-dictator-couragous-rape-survivors-make-history|work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> According to some leading experts, the tribunal that judges him constituted an "internationalized tribunal", even if it is the most 'national' within this category".<ref name="Savadogo 2014 105–127"/>

The government of [[Idriss Déby]] established a [[Truth Commission (Chad)|Commission of Inquiry into the Crimes and Misappropriations Committed by Ex-President Habré, His Accomplices and/or Accessories]] in 1990, which reported that 40,000 people had been killed, but did not follow up on its recommendations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Chad-Charter.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503231745/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Chad-Charter.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2017 |title=Decree No. 014 /P.CE/CJ/90 |date=29 December 1990 |access-date=25 August 2021 |website=[[United States Institute of Peace]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=24 August 2021|title=Convicted ex-Chadian leader Hissène Habré dies at 79|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58316923|access-date=25 August 2021}}</ref>