Editing Hippie (section)

===1967–1970: Revolution and peak of influence===
[[File:August 25, 1968, Hippies in Lincoln Park, Chicago.webm|thumb|right|thumbtime=0:45|Anti-war protesters in [[Lincoln Park, Chicago]], attending a [[Youth International Party|Yippie]] organized event, approximately five miles north of the [[1968 Democratic National Convention]]. The band [[MC5]] can be seen playing.]]
By 1968, hippie-influenced fashions were beginning to take off in the mainstream, especially for youths and younger adults of the populous [[Baby boomers|baby boomer]] generation, many of whom may have aspired to emulate the hardcore movements now living in tribalistic communes, but had no overt connections to them. This was noticed not only in terms of clothes and longer hair for men, but also in music, film, art and literature, not just in the United States, but around the world. [[Eugene McCarthy]]'s brief presidential campaign successfully persuaded a significant minority of young adults to "get clean for Gene" by shaving their beards or wearing longer skirts; however the "Clean Genes" had little impact on the popular image in the media spotlight, of the hirsute hippy adorned in beads, feathers, flowers and bells.

A sign of this was the visibility that the hippie subculture gained in various mainstream and underground media. [[Hippie exploitation films]] are 1960s [[exploitation film]]s about the hippie counterculture<ref>{{citation |url=http://thesocietyofthespectacle.com/2009/04/mondo-mod-worlds-of-hippie-revolt-and-other-weirdness/ |title=Mondo Mod Worlds Of Hippie Revolt (And Other Weirdness) |website=Thesocietyofthespectacle.com |date=April 5, 2009 |access-date=2014-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112091111/http://thesocietyofthespectacle.com/2009/04/mondo-mod-worlds-of-hippie-revolt-and-other-weirdness/ |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |url-status=usurped |df=mdy-all }}</ref> with stereotypical situations associated with the movement such as [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and [[LSD]] use, sex and wild psychedelic parties. Examples include ''[[The Love-ins]]'', ''[[Psych-Out]]'', ''[[The Trip (1967 film)|The Trip]]'', and ''[[Wild in the Streets]]''. Other more serious and more critically acclaimed films about the hippie counterculture also appeared such as ''[[Easy Rider]]'' and ''[[Alice's Restaurant (film)|Alice's Restaurant]]''. (See also: [[List of films related to the hippie subculture]].) Documentaries and television programs have also been produced until today as well as [[List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture|fiction and nonfiction books]]. The popular Broadway musical ''[[Hair (musical)|Hair]]'' was presented in 1967.

People commonly label other cultural movements of that period as hippie, but there are differences. For example, hippies were often not directly engaged in politics, as contrasted with "Yippies" (Youth International Party), an activist organization. The [[Youth International Party|Yippies]] came to national attention during their celebration of the 1968 spring equinox, when some 3,000 of them took over [[Grand Central Terminal]] in New York—eventually resulting in 61 arrests. Especially their leaders [[Abbie Hoffman]] and [[Jerry Rubin]], the Yippies became notorious for their theatrics, such as trying to levitate the Pentagon at the October 1967 war protest, and such slogans as "Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball!" Their stated intention to protest the [[1968 Democratic National Convention]] in Chicago in August, including nominating their own candidate, "[[Pigasus (politics)|Lyndon Pigasus Pig]]" (an actual pig), was also widely publicized in the media at this time.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,900067,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407222801/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,900067,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 7, 2008 |title="The Politics of Yip", ''TIME Magazine'', Apr. 5, 1968 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 5, 1968 |access-date=2014-02-03}}</ref>

In [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] hippies congregated each Sunday for a large "be-in" at Cambridge Common with swarms of drummers and those beginning the Women's Movement. In the United States, the Hippie movement started to be seen as part of the "[[New Left]]", which was associated with anti-war college-campus protest movements.<ref name="Carmines and Layman" /> The New Left was a term used mainly in the United Kingdom and United States in reference to [[Activism|activists]], [[teacher|educators]], [[agitators]] and others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a broad range of reforms on issues such as gay rights, abortion, gender roles and drugs<ref name="Carmines and Layman">Carmines, Edward G., and Geoffrey C. Layman. 1997. "Issue Evolution in Postwar American Politics". In Byron Shafer, ed., ''Present Discontents''. NJ: Chatham House Publishers.</ref> in contrast to earlier leftist or [[Marxism|Marxist]] movements that had taken a more [[Vanguardism|vanguardist]] approach to social justice and focused mostly on [[labor unionization]] and questions of [[social class]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nJUwFqRLTwC&q=new+left+cynthia+kaufman&pg=PA275|title=Ideas for Action: Relevant Theory for Radical Change|first=Cynthia|last=Kaufman|date=2 March 2019|page=275|publisher=South End Press|access-date=2 March 2019|via=Google Books|isbn=9780896086937}}</ref><ref><br />[[Todd Gitlin]], "The Left's Lost Universalism". In Arthur M. Melzer, Jerry Weinberger and M. Richard Zinman, eds., ''Politics at the Turn of the Century'', pp.&nbsp;3–26 (Lanham, MD: [[Rowman & Littlefield]], 2001).<br />{{Citation|author=Grant Farred|author-link=Grant Farred|year=2000|title=Endgame Identity? Mapping the New Left Roots of Identity Politics|journal=[[New Literary History]]|volume=31|issue=4|pages=627–648|jstor=20057628|doi=10.1353/nlh.2000.0045|s2cid=144650061}}</ref>

In April 1969, the building of [[People's Park (Berkeley)|People's Park]] in Berkeley, California received international attention. The [[University of California, Berkeley]] had demolished all the buildings on a {{convert|2.8|acre|m2|adj=on}} parcel near campus, intending to use the land to build playing fields and a parking lot. After a long delay, during which the site became a dangerous eyesore, thousands of ordinary Berkeley citizens, merchants, students, and hippies took matters into their own hands, planting trees, shrubs, flowers and grass to convert the land into a park. A major confrontation ensued on May 15, 1969, when Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered the park destroyed, which led to a two-week occupation of the city of Berkeley by the [[California National Guard]].<ref name="Wollenberg">{{Citation|last=Wollenberg |first=Charles |title=Berkeley, A City in History |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-520-25307-0 |url=http://www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter9.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705015337/http://www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter9.html |archive-date=July 5, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="hayward_2001">{{Citation|last=Hayward|first=Steven F.|title=The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order|year=2001|publisher=Prima Publishing|location=Roseville, California|isbn=978-0-7615-1337-7|oclc=47667257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BafgsBIlrwC&pg=PA325|access-date=January 31, 2011|page=325}}</ref> [[Flower power]] came into its own during this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of [[civil disobedience]] to plant flowers in empty lots all over Berkeley under the slogan "Let a Thousand Parks Bloom".

[[File:Swami opening.jpg|thumb|right|[[Swami Satchidananda]] giving the opening talk at the Woodstock Festival of 1969]]
In August 1969, the [[Woodstock|Woodstock Music and Art Fair]] took place in [[Bethel, New York]], which for many, exemplified the best of hippie counterculture. Over 500,000 people arrived<ref name="Dean">{{Citation|last=Dean|first=Maury|author-link=Maury Dean |title=Rock 'N' Roll Gold Rush|publisher=Algora Publishing|year=2003|page=243|isbn=0-87586-207-1}}</ref> to hear some of the most notable musicians and bands of the era, among them [[Canned Heat]], [[Richie Havens]], [[Joan Baez]], [[Janis Joplin]], [[Grateful Dead]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]], [[Carlos Santana]], [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[the Who]], [[Jefferson Airplane]] and [[Jimi Hendrix]]. [[Wavy Gravy]]'s [[Hog Farm]] provided security and attended to practical needs, and the hippie ideals of love and human fellowship seemed to have gained real-world expression. Similar rock festivals occurred in other parts of the country, which played a significant role in spreading hippie ideals throughout America.<ref>Mankin, Bill. [http://likethedew.com/2012/03/04/we-can-all-join-in-how-rock-festivals-helped-change-america/ We Can All Join In: How Rock Festivals Helped Change America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219032259/http://likethedew.com/2012/03/04/we-can-all-join-in-how-rock-festivals-helped-change-america/ |date=2013-12-19 }}. Like the Dew. 2012.</ref>

In December 1969, a rock festival took place in [[Altamont, California]], about 45&nbsp;km (30 miles) east of San Francisco. Initially billed as "Woodstock West", its official name was the [[Altamont Free Concert]]. About 300,000 people gathered to hear [[the Rolling Stones]]; [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]]; [[Jefferson Airplane]] and other bands. The [[Hells Angels]] provided security that proved far less benevolent than the security provided at the Woodstock event: 18-year-old [[Killing of Meredith Hunter|Meredith Hunter]] was stabbed and killed by one of the Hells Angels during the Rolling Stones' performance after he brandished a gun and waved it toward the stage.<ref name="Lee">{{citation|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/05/26/ALTAMONT.TMP |title=Altamont 'cold case' is being closed |last=Lee |first=Henry K. |date=May 26, 2005 |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=2008-09-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626200756/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2005%2F05%2F26%2FALTAMONT.TMP |archive-date=June 26, 2008 }}</ref>