Editing Hermosillo (section)

==Geography==

As the municipal seat, the city of Hermosillo is the local government of over 3,800 other localities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ |title=INEGI Census 2005 |language=es |access-date=January 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328224939/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ |archive-date=March 28, 2007 }}</ref> with a combined territory of {{convert|14880.2|km2|1|abbr=out}}.<ref name="encmuc"/>

The two most important rivers are the [[Sonora River|Sonora]] and the [[San Miguel River (Mexico)|San Miguel]]. Both of these are used for irrigation purposes with the Abelardo L. Rodriguez Dam located on the San Miguel River.<ref name="encmuc"/> The population increase of the [[Hermosillo (municipality)|municipality]], currently at 2.5% annually, puts pressure on the infrastructure of the city, especially its water supply.<ref name="stanpoor">{{cite web |url= http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/es/la/page.article/2,1,7,0,1063041582163.html |title= Fundamento: Hermosillo, Sonora (Municipio de) |date=June 2009 |publisher=Standard & Poor's |language=es |trans-title=Foundation:Hermosillo, Sonora (Municipality of) |access-date=January 13, 2010 }}</ref> Decades of overpumping of ground water have led to the aquifer levels being lower than sea levels, and sea water creeping in as an "artificial recharge."<ref>{{cite book |title= Importance of hydrogeological modeling in the management of groundwater, a case study: the coast of Hermosillo Aquifer, Sonora, Mexico |last= Rangel Medina |first= Miguel |publisher= SINEX (conference paper) |location= Spain |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ug-YEjQspCoC&q=hermosillo+sonora&pg=PA277 |access-date= January 13, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160518152432/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ug-YEjQspCoC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=hermosillo+sonora&source=bl&ots=4tOdXU40kk&sig=hqUyWxYXjD_XCJ2IZW33n9T0zxQ&hl=es&ei=P8NLS8H8GpGQtgfn4KHkDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBIQ6AEwBTikAw#v=onepage&q=hermosillo%20sonora&f=false |archive-date= May 18, 2016 |url-status= live |isbn= 9780415364447 |date= June 30, 2005 }}</ref>

===Climate and ecology===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Hermosillo features a borderline [[desert climate#Hot desert climates|hot arid]] (''BWh'')/[[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid]] (''BSh'') climate. Temperatures can range from as low as freezing in December and January to {{convert|48|C|F|1}} in June and July. Rain falls mostly between July and September, with annual precipitation between {{convert|75|and|400|mm|in|1}}. Hermosillo's all-time weather record for high temperature is {{convert|49.5|C|F}}, which was achieved in June 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=76160: Hermosillo, Son. (Mexico) |url=http://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=76160&decoded=yes&ndays=1&ano=2014&mes=06&day=04&hora=07&lang=en |website=Ogimet |publisher=G. Ballester Valor |access-date=June 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605024235/http://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=76160&decoded=yes&ndays=1&ano=2014&mes=06&day=04&hora=07&lang=en |archive-date=June 5, 2014 }}</ref> In recent years, the lowest temperature was {{convert|−4|C|F|1}}, in December.

Most of the regional flora consists of [[mesquite]] trees, with an added mixture of [[blue agave]], [[desert ironwood]], [[Parkinsonia aculeata|palo verde]] and the [[Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana|huisache]]. Native fauna includes the [[desert tortoise]], several species of [[rattlesnake]] and [[kingsnake]], [[mule deer]] (locally called ‘coues’ deer), [[collared peccary]], [[ringtail]], [[ocelot]], [[cougar|puma]], [[desert bighorn sheep]], [[opossum]], [[raccoon]], [[coyote]], and [[bobcat]]. [[American black bear|Black bear]] may be observed on occasion, on the fringes of settled areas.<ref name="encmuc"/> In August 2022, the once-common [[jaguar]] was finally witnessed in the Hermosillo area. Locals nicknamed the lone male “El Jefe”, meaning “boss”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wildlandsnetwork.org/news/arizona-jaguar-central-sonora |publisher=Wildlands Network |title=Arizona jaguar "El Jefe" reappears in central Sonora }}</ref> The critically endangered [[Sonoran pronghorn]] antelope was once common in the area; less than 200 are thought to exist today, with an additional -200 (declining) surviving in the U.S. state of [[Arizona]]. Populations of feral [[red-masked parakeet]]s and [[monk parakeet]]s are a local sightseeing attraction here.

{{Weather box|location = Hermosillo (1981–2010, extremes 1973–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes 
| Jan record high C = 35.0
| Feb record high C = 38.0
| Mar record high C = 41.5
| Apr record high C = 44.0
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 49.5
| Jul record high C = 48.5
| Aug record high C = 45.6
| Sep record high C = 45.5
| Oct record high C = 43.5
| Nov record high C = 44.3
| Dec record high C = 36.0
|year record high C = 49.5
| Jan high C = 24.2
| Feb high C = 25.8
| Mar high C = 28.7
| Apr high C = 32.3
| May high C = 36.3
| Jun high C = 39.8
| Jul high C = 39.3
| Aug high C = 38.3
| Sep high C = 37.5
| Oct high C = 33.9
| Nov high C = 28.6
| Dec high C = 24.0
|year high C = 32.4
| Jan mean C = 17.2
| Feb mean C = 18.5
| Mar mean C = 20.9
| Apr mean C = 24.1
| May mean C = 27.9
| Jun mean C = 31.8
| Jul mean C = 32.5
| Aug mean C = 31.9
| Sep mean C = 31.0
| Oct mean C = 26.9
| Nov mean C = 21.3
| Dec mean C = 17.1
|year mean C = 25.1
| Jan low C = 10.2
| Feb low C = 11.3
| Mar low C = 13.1
| Apr low C = 15.9
| May low C = 19.4
| Jun low C = 23.8
| Jul low C = 25.8
| Aug low C = 25.6
| Sep low C = 24.6
| Oct low C = 19.8
| Nov low C = 14.0
| Dec low C = 10.2
|year low C = 17.8
| Jan record low C = -3.0
| Feb record low C = -0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.0
| Apr record low C = 6.0
| May record low C = 6.0
| Jun record low C = 8.5
| Jul record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 13.0
| Sep record low C = 14.6
| Oct record low C = 2.8
| Nov record low C = 1.4
| Dec record low C = -4.0
|year record low C = -4.0
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 17.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 16.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 6.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 3.7
| May precipitation mm = 2.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 8.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 98.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 100.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 69.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 18.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 17.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 29.1
|year precipitation mm = 386.9
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.6
| Feb precipitation days = 2.2
| Mar precipitation days = 1.2
| Apr precipitation days = 0.8
| May precipitation days = 0.3
| Jun precipitation days = 1.0
| Jul precipitation days = 9.6
| Aug precipitation days = 8.6
| Sep precipitation days = 5.5
| Oct precipitation days = 1.6
| Nov precipitation days = 1.7
| Dec precipitation days = 2.7
|year precipitation days = 37.8
| Jan humidity = 48
| Feb humidity = 44
| Mar humidity = 40
| Apr humidity = 34
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 34
| Jul humidity = 48
| Aug humidity = 53
| Sep humidity = 48
| Oct humidity = 42
| Nov humidity = 43
| Dec humidity = 49
|year humidity = 43
| Jan sun = 179.6
| Feb sun = 178.2
| Mar sun = 227.5
| Apr sun = 231.7
| May sun = 298.0
| Jun sun = 283.8
| Jul sun = 268.7
| Aug sun = 279.7
| Sep sun = 239.9
| Oct sun = 257.3
| Nov sun = 221.3
| Dec sun = 197.1
|year sun = 2862.8
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (temperature, 1981–2010) (humidity, 1981–2000)<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales8110/NORMAL26139.TXT
 |title       = Normales Climatológicas para Hermosillo, Sonora (1981–2010)
 |publisher   = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
 |language    = es
 |access-date  = April 11, 2017
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170412142613/http://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales8110/NORMAL26139.TXT
 |archive-date = April 12, 2017
}}</ref>
|date=April 2017}}