Editing Hazaras (section)

=== Paternal haplogroups ===
The most common paternal DNA haplogroups among Hazaras from Afghanistan are the East Eurasian haplogroup C-M217 (33.33%) and the West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a-M17 (6.67%), followed by the West Eurasian haplogroups J2-M172 and L-M20. Some Hazaras were also found to belong to the haplogroups E1b1b1-M35, L-M20, and H-M69, which they share with [[Tajiks]], [[Pashtuns]], and [[South Asian ethnic groups|Indian populations]]. Additionally, one individual with the haplogroup B-M60, typically found in [[Eastern Africa]], was identified.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haber |first1=Marc |last2=Platt |first2=Daniel E. |last3=Bonab |first3=Maziar Ashrafian |last4=Youhanna |first4=Sonia C. |last5=Soria-Hernanz |first5=David F. |last6=Martínez-Cruz |first6=Begoña |last7=Douaihy |first7=Bouchra |last8=Ghassibe-Sabbagh |first8=Michella |last9=Rafatpanah |first9=Hoshang |last10=Ghanbari |first10=Mohsen |last11=Whale |first11=John |date=28 March 2012 |title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e34288 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |pmc=3314501 |pmid=22470552 |doi-access=free |first12=Oleg |last12=Balanovsky |first13=R. Spencer |last13=Wells |first14=David |last14=Comas |first15=Chris |last15=Tyler-Smith |first16=Pierre A. |last16=Zalloua |first17=The Genographic |last17=Consortium}}</ref><ref>John William Whale. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Four Ethnic Groups of Afghanistan. http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802122703/http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf|date=2 August 2017}}</ref>

Haplogroup C2 (previously known as the C3-Star cluster) is the most frequent haplogroup among Pakistani and Afghan Hazaras.<ref name="Atif Adnan" /> Pakistani Hazaras have a high frequency of [[Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-DNA)|haplogroup C-M217]] at approximately 40% (10/25) and [[haplogroup R1b]] at around 32% (8/25). A relatively high frequency of R1b has also been found among Eastern Russian [[Tatars]] and [[Bashkirs]], and all three groups are thought to be associated with the [[Golden Horde]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lkhagvasuren |first1=Gavaachimed |last2=Shin |first2=Heejin |last3=Lee |first3=Si Eun |last4=Tumen |first4=Dashtseveg |last5=Kim |first5=Jae-Hyun |last6=Kim |first6=Kyung-Yong |last7=Kim |first7=Kijeong |last8=Park |first8=Ae Ja |last9=Lee |first9=Ho Woon |last10=Kim |first10=Mi Jin |last11=Choi |first11=Jaesung |date=14 September 2016 |title=Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=e0161622 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1161622L |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0161622 |pmc=5023095 |pmid=27627454 |doi-access=free |last12=Choi |first12=Jee-Hye |last13=Min |first13=Na Young |last14=Lee |first14=Kwang-Ho}}
"Eastern Russian Tatars, Bashkirs, and Pakistani Hazara were found to carry R1b-M343 at unusually high frequencies of 12.65%, 46.07%, and 32%, respectively, compared to other regions of Eastern Asia, which rarely have this haplotype"</ref> Haplogroup C-M217, or C2, is the most common haplogroup in Mongol and Kazakh populations.<ref name="Atif Adnan" /> Studies indicate that Y-DNA haplogroup C2 among Hazaras is linked to the expansion of the Mongols<ref name="SabitovZh.">Sabitov Zh. M. (2011).[https://www.academia.edu/13606642/Происхождение_хазарейцев_с_точки_зрения_ДНК-генеалогии_Russian_Journal_of_Genetic_Genealogy._Русская_версия_2010._Том_2._1._С.37-40 "Происхождение хазарейцев с точки зрения ДНК-генеалогии"]. The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. 2 (1): pp. 37–40. In Russian: ''"Гаплогруппа СЗ безусловно связана с экспансией монголов..."''</ref> and supports the Mongolian origin of the Hazaras.<ref name="Жабагин"> Жабагин М. К. (2017). [https://disk.yandex.ru/i/-B69hFsjOyNOJA Анализ связи полиморфизма Y-хромосомы и родоплеменной структуры в казахской популяции] Москва. p. 71. In Russian: ''"...за счет высокой частоты гаплогруппы С2-М217, что согласуется с монгольским происхождением хазарейцев."''</ref> However, many genetic studies, including one such study, attribute the origin of the Hazaras directly to the Turkic populations of Central Asia.<ref name="Martínez-Cruz-2010"/>