Editing Hazaragi dialect (section)

=== Phonology ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowel phonemes of Hazaragi<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Efimov |first=V. A. |title=Xazara |publisher=Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Firma Vostočnaya Literatura RAN |year=2008 |location=In V. A. Efimov (ed.), Sredneiranskie i novoiranskie Jazyki |pages=344–414}}</ref>
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[High vowel|High]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |{{IPA link|i}}
| align="center" |{{IPA link|u}}
|-
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
![[Low vowel|Low]]
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
{{IPA|/a/}} can also approach the sound {{IPA|[æ]}} or {{IPA|[ɛ]}}.<ref name=":12" />

As a group of eastern Persian varieties which are considered the more formal and classical varieties of Persian,{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Hazaragi retains the voiced fricative {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, and the bilabial articulation of {{IPA|[w]}} has borrowed the (rare){{clarify|date=December 2019}} retroflexes {{IPA|[ʈ]}} and {{IPA|[ɖ]}}; as in ''buṭ'' (meaning "boot") vs. ''but'' (meaning "idol") (cf. Persian ''{{Transliteration|fa|bot}}''); and rarely articulates {{IPA|[h]}}.<ref name=":0" /> The convergence of [[voiced uvular stop]] {{IPA|[ɢ]}} (ق) and [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPA|[ɣ]}} (غ) in [[Western Persian]] (probably under the influence of [[Turkic languages]])<ref>A. Pisowicz, ''Origins of the New and Middle Persian phonological systems'' (Cracow 1985), p. 112-114, 117.</ref> is still kept separate in Hazara.

Diphthongs include {{IPA|[aj]}}, {{IPA|[aw]}}, and {{IPA|[ēw]}} (cf. Persian {{Transliteration|fa|''ab''}}, {{Transliteration|fa|''āb''}}, {{Transliteration|fa|''ûw''}}). The vocalic system is typically eastern Persian, characterized by the loss of length distinction, the retention of mid vowels, and the rounding of {{IPA|[ā]}} and {{IPA|[å/o]}}, alternating with its merger with {{IPA|[a]}}, or {{IPA|[û]}} (cf. Persian {{Transliteration|fa|''ān''}}).<ref name=":0" /> {{clarify|Reason=proper IPA notation is not being used here, it is unclear what vowels/diphthongs are being described|date=December 2019}}

Stress is dynamic and similar to that in Dari<ref>Farhadi, Le persan parlé en Afghanistan: Grammaire du kâboli accompagnée d’un recuil de quatrains populaires de région de Kâbol, Paris, 1955, pp. 64–67</ref> and Tajik varieties of Persian,<ref>V. S.Rastorgueva, A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar, tr. Herbert H. Paper, Bloomington, Ind., and The Hague, 1963, pp. 9–10</ref> and not variable.<ref>G. K. Dulling, The Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian: A Preliminary Study, Central Asian Monograph 1, London, 1973. p. 37</ref> It generally falls on the last syllable of a nominal form, including derivative suffixes and several morphological markers. Typical is the insertion of epenthetic vowels in consonant clusters (as in ''pašm'' to ''póšum''; "wool") and final devoicing (as in ''ḵût''; "self, own").<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Consonant phonemes of Hazaragi<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":0" />
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Palato-alveolar consonant|Palato-<br>alveolar]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]/<br>[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t̪}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʈ}}
|{{IPA link|tʃ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|q}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d̪}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɖ}}
|{{IPA link|dʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Flap consonant|Flap]]/[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|{{IPA link|f}}
|
|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|x}}
|({{IPA link|h}})
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
|
|{{IPA link|z}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʒ}}
| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|
|}
{{IPA|[h]}} only occurs infrequently and among more educated speakers. {{IPA|/r/}} can be heard as either a trill {{IPA|[r]}} or a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}}. /{{IPA|x, ɣ}}/ can also range to uvular sounds [{{IPA|χ, ʁ}}].