Editing Harbin (section)

===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Harbin features a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid continental climate]] (''[[Humid continental climate#Hot summer subtype|Dwa]]''). Due to the [[Siberian high]] and its location above 45 degrees north latitude, the city is known for its cold weather and long winter.<ref name="Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks"/> Its nickname ''Ice City'' is well-earned, as winters in the city are dry and freezing cold, with a 24-hour average in January of only {{convert|−17.3|°C|1}}, although the city sees little precipitation during the winter and is often sunny. Spring and autumn constitute brief transition periods with variable wind directions. Summers can be hot, with a July mean temperature of {{convert|23.7|°C|1}}. Summer is also when most of the year's rainfall occurs, and more than half of the annual precipitation, at {{convert|539|mm}}, occurs in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 45 percent in December to 60 percent in September, the city receives 2,340 hours of bright sunshine annually; on average precipitation falls 99 days out of the year. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|5.2|°C|1}}, and extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|−42.6|°C|0}} or for the official weather station there, {{convert|-41.1|°C|0}} in January 1931<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme Temperatures Around the World |url=https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.mherrera.org}}</ref> to {{convert|39.2|°C|0}} on which was hit most recently on 4 June 2001,<ref>{{Cite web |title=东北晴热 哈尔滨35.3℃现今年首个高温-资讯-中国天气网 |url=https://news.weather.com.cn/565590.shtml |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=news.weather.com.cn}}</ref> though an unofficial record high temperature of {{convert|41.0|°C|1}} was recorded in July 1907.<ref name="Climatological Summary">{{cite web |url=http://www.harbin.gov.cn/english/Harbin_Overview/Climatological_Summary.htm |title=Climatological Summary |publisher=Harbin Municipal Government |access-date=2011-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130223054/http://www.harbin.gov.cn/english/Harbin_Overview/Climatological_Summary.htm |archive-date=2013-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=哈尔滨市道里区人民政府地理地貌气候 |url=http://www.hrbdl.gov.cn/hebdlq/col1/202302/c01_862602.shtml |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.hrbdl.gov.cn}}</ref>

To mitigate impacts of [[climate change]], urban planning in Harbin has made use of [[sponge city]] concepts, including the Qunli stormwater park which collects, filters, and stores rainwater while conserving natural habitat.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300266900 |location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024 |pages=173 |doi=10.2307/jj.11589102 |jstor=jj.11589102}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Harbin, elevation {{convert|118|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2020)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = 
| Jan high C = -11.8
| Feb high C = −5.9
| Mar high C = 3.2
| Apr high C = 14.0
| May high C = 21.6
| Jun high C = 26.6
| Jul high C = 28.2
| Aug high C = 26.7
| Sep high C = 21.6
| Oct high C = 12.6
| Nov high C = 0.1
| Dec high C = −9.8
| Jan low C = −22.4
| Feb low C = −17.8
| Mar low C = −8.2
| Apr low C = 1.9
| May low C = 9.6
| Jun low C = 16.0
| Jul low C = 19.3
| Aug low C = 17.4
| Sep low C = 10.2
| Oct low C = 1.6
| Nov low C = −9.0
| Dec low C = -19.1
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->| Jan mean C = −17.3
| Feb mean C = −11.9
| Mar mean C = −2.4
| Apr mean C = 8.0
| May mean C = 15.7
| Jun mean C = 21.3
| Jul mean C = 23.7
| Aug mean C = 21.9
| Sep mean C = 15.7
| Oct mean C = 6.8
| Nov mean C = −4.6
| Dec mean C = −14.6
| Jan record high C = 4.2
| Feb record high C = 10.6
| Mar record high C = 22.6
| Apr record high C = 32.5
| May record high C = 36.2
| Jun record high C = 39.2
| Jul record high C = 39.2
| Aug record high C = 35.6
| Sep record high C = 31.4
| Oct record high C = 28.6
| Nov record high C = 18.7
| Dec record high C = 8.5
| Jan record low C = −38.1
| Feb record low C = −37.3
| Mar record low C = −28.4
| Apr record low C = −12.8
| May record low C = −3.8
| Jun record low C = 4.6
| Jul record low C = 9.5
| Aug record low C = 5.5
| Sep record low C = −4.8
| Oct record low C = −16.2
| Nov record low C = −26.5
| Dec record low C = −35.7
| year record low C = −42.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 3.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 4.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 11.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 19.3
| May precipitation mm = 51.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 100.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 137.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 112.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 52.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 24.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 14.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 7.6
| Jan humidity = 70
| Feb humidity = 64
| Mar humidity = 55
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 53
| Jun humidity = 64
| Jul humidity = 76
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 69
| Oct humidity = 61
| Nov humidity = 64
| Dec humidity = 70
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 4.8
| Feb precipitation days = 3.6
| Mar precipitation days = 5.4
| Apr precipitation days = 6.6
| May precipitation days = 10.5
| Jun precipitation days = 13.8
| Jul precipitation days = 14.0
| Aug precipitation days = 11.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.1
| Oct precipitation days = 6.6
| Nov precipitation days = 5.8
| Dec precipitation days = 6.9
| Jan sun = 129.7
| Jan percentsun = 46
| Feb sun = 171.7
| Feb percentsun = 58
| Mar sun = 215.3
| Mar percentsun = 58
| Apr sun = 215.7
| Apr percentsun = 53
| May sun = 237.0
| May percentsun = 51
| Jun sun = 240.2
| Jun percentsun = 51
| Jul sun = 222.6
| Jul percentsun = 47
| Aug sun = 220.4
| Aug percentsun = 51
| Sep sun = 224.1
| Sep percentsun = 60
| Oct sun = 191.9
| Oct percentsun = 58
| Nov sun = 148.9
| Nov percentsun = 53
| Dec sun = 122.1
| Dec percentsun = 45
| Jan snow days = 8.2
| Feb snow days = 6.6
| Mar snow days = 7.0
| Apr snow days = 2.5
| May snow days = 0.1
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 2.2
| Nov snow days = 8.3
| Dec snow days = 10.1
| year snow days = 
| Jan uv = 1
| Feb uv = 2
| Mar uv = 3
| Apr uv = 5
| May uv = 7
| Jun uv = 8
| Jul uv = 8
| Aug uv = 7
| Sep uv = 5
| Oct uv = 3
| Nov uv = 1
| Dec uv = 1
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration,<ref name=CMA>
{{cite web |url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |access-date=2009-03-17 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh-cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016192548/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-10-16
}}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2018-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |archive-date=5 September 2018 |title=Index }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
|publisher =  [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 | language = zh | access-date = 2023-04-11}}</ref> Weather China<ref name="Weather China">
{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101050101.shtml? |script-title=zh:哈尔滨城市介绍以及气候背景分析 |website=Weather China |publisher=中国气象局公共气象服务中心 |access-date=27 July 2013 |language=zh-cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630045255/http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101050101.shtml |archive-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/harbin-climate|title=Harbin, China - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|work=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709184228/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/harbin-climate|archive-date=2019-07-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source = 
}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = [[Harbin Taiping International Airport]] (2015–2024 normals)
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high C = 	-11.8
|Feb high C = 	-6.0
|Mar high C = 	4.9
|Apr high C = 	14.6
|May high C = 	21.5
|Jun high C = 	25.7
|Jul high C = 	29.0
|Aug high C = 	26.7
|Sep high C = 	22.0
|Oct high C = 	13.2
|Nov high C = 	-0.2
|Dec high C = 	-10.0
|Jan mean C = 	-17.7
|Feb mean C = 	-12.1
|Mar mean C = 	-0.8
|Apr mean C = 	8.5
|May mean C = 	15.7
|Jun mean C = 	20.6
|Jul mean C = 	24.3
|Aug mean C = 	22.0
|Sep mean C = 	16.1
|Oct mean C = 	6.8
|Nov mean C = 	-5.2
|Dec mean C = 	-14.9
|Jan low C = 	-22.3
|Feb low C = 	-17.5
|Mar low C = 	-6.5
|Apr low C = 	2.0
|May low C = 	9.7
|Jun low C = 	15.4
|Jul low C = 	19.8
|Aug low C = 	17.5
|Sep low C = 	10.9
|Oct low C = 	1.7
|Nov low C = 	-8.7
|Dec low C = 	-18.7
|Jan humidity = 	73
|Feb humidity = 	69
|Mar humidity = 	60
|Apr humidity = 	48
|May humidity = 	54
|Jun humidity = 	70
|Jul humidity = 	78
|Aug humidity = 	81
|Sep humidity = 	75
|Oct humidity = 	62
|Nov humidity = 	71
|Dec humidity = 	73
|source 1 = <ref name="https://rp5.ru/METAR%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3(%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94_">{{cite web |title=哈尔滨太平(机场)历史天气 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=13 |publisher=rp5.ru |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref>
}}