Editing Guillaume Apollinaire (section)

===World War I and death===
Apollinaire served as an infantry officer in [[World War I]] and, in 1916, received a serious shrapnel wound to the temple, from which he would never fully recover.<ref name="Baxter2009"/> He wrote ''[[The Breasts of Tiresias|Les Mamelles de Tirésias]]'' while recovering from this wound. During this period he coined the word "[[Surrealism]]" in the programme notes for [[Jean Cocteau]] and [[Erik Satie]]'s ballet ''[[Parade (ballet)|Parade]]'', first performed on 18 May 1917. He also published an artistic manifesto, ''L'Esprit nouveau et les poètes''. Apollinaire's status as a literary critic is most famous and influential in his recognition of the [[Marquis de Sade]], whose works were for a long time obscure,{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} yet arising in popularity as an influence upon the [[Dadaism|Dada]] and Surrealist art movements going on in Montparnasse at the beginning of the twentieth century as, "The freest spirit that ever existed."{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} 

The war-weakened Apollinaire died at the age of 38 on 9 November 1918 of [[influenza]] during the [[Spanish flu]] pandemic of 1918 ravaging Europe at the time, two years after being wounded in [[World War I]].<ref name="Baxter2009" /> Due to his military service for the duration of the war, he was declared to have "Died for France" (''Mort pour la France'') by the French government.<ref name="Moore" /> He was interred in the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], Paris.