Editing Guildford (section)

===Guildford Friary===
{{main|Guildford Black Friary}}
The Guildford Black Friary was a community of [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], founded by [[Eleanor of Provence]], wife of Henry III, around 1275.<ref name=Woods_Poulton_1984>{{cite journal |last1= Woods |first1= Humphrey |last2= Poulton |first2= Robert |year= 1984 |journal= Surrey Archaeological Society Research Volumes |volume= 9 |pages= 1–71 |title= Excavations on the site of the Dominican Friary at Guildford |url= https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/library/browse/issue.xhtml?recordId=1138998&recordType=Journal |access-date= 22 July 2022 |archive-date= 8 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220808173222/https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/library/browse/issue.xhtml?recordId=1138998&recordType=Journal |url-status= live }}</ref>{{refn|The exact date of the foundation of the Black Friary is unknown, but it could not have taken place before 1236, the year of [[Eleanor of Provence|Eleanor's]] marriage to [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]. There is no mention of the friars being among those who prayed for the soul of her grandson, [[Henry (son of Edward I)|Prince Henry]], who died in 1274 and it is possible that Eleanor founded the friary in his memory. Historical documents note that Henry's heart was "lodged at the Guildford Priory" and Eleanor is acknowledged as the "first fundryse". The earliest surviving record of the community is from 1275, when [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] granted an enlargement of the friary grounds.<ref name=Woods_Poulton_1984/><ref name=Chamberlin_1982_p105>{{harvnb|Chamberlin|1982|p=105}}</ref>|group=note}}{{refn|The first known religious community in Guildford was the order of the Friars de Ordine Martyrum, which is recorded in 1260. The order was disbanded by the [[Second Council of Lyon]] in 1274 and it is possible that Eleanor incorporated parts of this earlier community into her foundation.<ref name=Woods_Poulton_1984/><ref>{{harvnb|Field|2022|p=21}}</ref>|group=note}} It occupied a site of around {{cvt|10|acre|ha}} beside the River Wey, to the north of the Town Ditch (now North Street). Excavations in the 1970s revealed that the original buildings were arranged around three sides of a central cloister, with a church to the south, [[chapter house]] to the east and kitchen to the north.<ref name=Woods_Poulton_1984/>{{refn| Excavations in the 1970s, identified 65 separate graves in the friary precinct of which 28 were in the [[nave]] of the church. Several contained multiple burials and it has been suggested that these graves were for victims of the [[bubonic plague|plague]].<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|2001|p=24}}</ref>|group=note}} The community was never large; in 1336 there were only 20 friars and by the time of its [[dissolution of the monasteries|dissolution]] in 1537, there were only seven.<ref name=Chamberlin_1982_p105/> In the late Tudor period, the building was occasionally used as a royal residence until 1606, when it was demolished and the materials used for construction projects elsewhere in the town.<ref name=Chamberlin_1982_pp107-109>{{harvnb|Chamberlin|1982|pp=107–109}}</ref>

In 1630, John Annandale purchased the friary grounds and built a house there. The property passed through a series of private owners until 1794, when it was bought by the War Office. It was used as a barracks until the end of the Napoleonic Wars and then demolished in 1818. The grounds are indicated on an 1841 map of Guildford as the "Barrack Field" and shortly afterwards the area was divided into plots and sold for housebuilding.<ref name=Chamberlin_1982_pp107-109/> In 1858, the Chennel family set up a steam-powered flour mill on the site of the friary church and cloisters, which was subsequently purchased and converted to a brewery by Thomas Taunton in the 1870s.<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|2001|pp=26–27}}</ref><ref name=Rose_Parke_2007_p106>{{harvnb|Rose|Parke|2007|p=106}}</ref> In 1956, the brewery merged with the [[Horse Shoe Brewery|Meux Brewery]] of [[Nine Elms]] to form Friary Meux.<ref name=Rose_Parke_2007_p106/> The combined company was taken over by [[Allied Breweries]] in 1963<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= Allied Breweries want Friary |date= 28 November 1963 |page= 12|issue= 55870  }}</ref> Brewing ceased in December 1968 and the site was sold to the developer, [[MEPC plc]]. The brewery was demolished in 1974<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|Parke|2007|p=110}}</ref> and, after archaeological investigations had been concluded, construction of the Friary Centre began in 1978.<ref name=Woods_Poulton_1984/><ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= MEPC's new town centre project |date= 28 June 1978 |page= 22 |issue= 60339 }}</ref>{{refn|The Friary Centre was opened by [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]] in November 1980.<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|2001|p=28}}</ref>|group=note}}