Editing Guangdong (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Guangdong}}

In 2022, Guangdong's GDP was 13.57 trillion [[Renminbi|RMB]] ($1.9 trillion in GDP nominal, $3.78 trillion in [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]), with a per capita GDP of {{CNY|102,465}} ({{US$|15,234}} in nominal or US$25,016 in [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]).<ref name="data2022"/> It is the [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|richest province]] in [[South Central China]] region and the seventh richest among all provinces by GDP per capita. Guangdong has been the largest province by GDP since 1989 in [[Mainland China]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=省十三届人大五次会议开幕 李玉妹主持 王伟中作政府工作报告 李希黄楚平王荣等出席 广东省人民政府门户网站|url=http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127080537/http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2022|access-date=2022-01-27|website=www.Guangdong Provincial People's Government}}</ref> Its GDP exceeded that of Australia ($1.70 trillion) and South Korea ($1.67 trillion), the world's 12th and 13th [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|largest economy]], respectively.<ref name="IMF">{{cite web| author = International Monetary Fund| url = https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April| title = World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023| publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> If it was a country, Guangdong would be the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|12th-largest economy]] as of 2022 and the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|11th most populous]].<ref name="data2022"/> Compared to country subdivisions in dollar terms, Guangdong's GDP in nominal is larger than all but four [[List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars|country subdivisions]]: [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New York State]], and [[England]]. Compared to country subdivisions in PPP terms, Guangdong's GDP is larger than all, except California.<ref name="IMF"/> By PPP terms, as of 2022, Guangdong's economy ranked between Turkey and Italy with a GDP of $3.35 trillion and US$3.06 trillion respectively, the [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|11th and 12th largest in the world]] respectively.<ref name="IMF"/>
[[File:华强电子世界 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Shops in one of the electronic markets of [[Huaqiangbei]], [[Shenzhen]], specialize in selling various electronic components, supplying the needs of local and global consumer electronics manufacturers.]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
| align=center colspan=10 | '''Historical GDP of Guangdong Province for 1978 –present''' (SNA2008)<ref name="SNA2008">China NBS / ''Bulletin on Reforming Guangdong's GDP Accounting and Data Release System'': [http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html gdstats.gov.cn (9-Dec-17)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051233/http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html |date=22 December 2017 }} (Chinese)</ref><br />(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as [[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l.dollar]] based on IMF WEO October 2017<ref>'''Purchasing power parity''' (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] '''''[[World Economic Outlook|WEO]]''''' ([http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 '''October 2017'''] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110717100927/http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 |date=17 July 2011 }}) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on [http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/ ''China Statistical Yearbook''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020062416/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/ |date=20 October 2015 }}.</ref>)

|- align=center
| align=center rowspan=3| year
| align=center colspan=4| '''GDP'''
| align=center colspan=3| '''GDP per capita (GDPpc)<br />''' ''based on mid-year population ''
| align=center colspan=2| '''Reference index'''

|- align=center
| align=center colspan=3| GDP  ''in millions''
| align=center rowspan=2| real<br />growth<br />(%)
| align=center colspan=3| GDPpc
| align=center colspan=2| exchange rate<br />''1 foreign currency<br /> to CNY ''

|- align=center
||[[Renminbi|CNY]]
||[[United States dollar|USD]]
||[[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]<br />([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l$.]])
||CNY
||USD
||PPP<br />(Int'l$.)
||USD 1
||Int'l$. 1<br />(PPP)

|- align=right
||2016||8,085,491||1,217,273||2,306,121||7.5||74,016||11,143||21,111||6.6423||3.5061

|- align=right
||2015||7,402,743||1,188,546||2,085,809||8.0||68,629||11,019||19,337||6.2284||3.5491

|- align=right
||2014||6,890,143||1,121,662||1,940,721||7.8||64,491||10,499||18,165||6.1428||3.5503

|- align=right
||2013||6,345,544||1,024,599||1,774,034||8.5||59,756||9,649||16,706||6.1932||3.5769

|- align=right
||2012||5,799,354||918,710||1,633,253||8.2||54,973||8,709||15,482||6.3125||3.5508

|- align=right
||2011||5,395,920||835,437||1,539,273||10.0||51,523||7,977||14,698||6.4588||3.5055

|- align=right
||2010||4,657,712||688,044||1,406,909||12.4||45,284||6,689||13,678||6.7695||3.3106

|- align=right
||2005||2,272,329||277,394||794,799||14.1||24,828||3,031||8,684||8.1917||2.8590

|- align=right
||2000||1,081,021||130,583||397,536||11.5||12,818||1,548||4,714||8.2784||2.7193

|- align=right
||1990||155,903||32,594||91,568||11.6||2,484||519||1,459||4.7832||1.7026

|- align=right
||1980||24,965||16,661||16,693||16.6||481||321||322||1.4984||1.4955

|- align=right
||1978||18,585||11,039||||1.0||370||220||||1.6836||
|}

After the [[Chinese Revolution (1949)|communist revolution]] and until the start of the [[Deng Xiaoping]] reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly joined to [[Transport in Guangdong|Guangdong via transportation links]]. The government policy of economic [[autarky]] made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}

Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to [[overseas Chinese]]. Guangdong was one of the first provinces to receive permission from the central government to receive foreign investment.<ref name=":26">{{Cite book |last=Ang |first=Yuen Yuen |url= |title=How China Escaped the Poverty Trap |date=2016 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5017-0020-0 |doi= |jstor=10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j |author-link=Yuen Yuen Ang}}</ref>{{Rp|page=148}} In addition, until the 1990s when the [[Tax system in China|Chinese taxation system]] was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}}
[[File:Shenzhen city montage.png|thumb|507x507px|Shenzhen famous building and tourist attractions]]
Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. The economic growth of Guangdong province owes much to the low-value-added manufacturing which characterized (and in many ways still defines) the province's economy following [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s reforms. Guangdong is not only China's largest exporter of goods, it is the country's largest importer as well.<ref name="thechinaperspective1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/ |title=Guangdong Province: Economic News and Statistics for Guangdong's Economy |publisher=The China Perspective |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502105943/http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/ |archive-date=2 May 2012 }}</ref>

The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the most billionaires in mainland China,<ref>{{cite web|author=Zheng Huiyuan |url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174 |title=Guangdong Has Most Billionaires in China  |publisher=WantChinaTimes.com |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314232138/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174 |archive-date=14 March 2012 }}</ref> the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. By 2015, the local government of Guangdong hopes that the service industry will account for more than 50&nbsp;percent of the provinces GDP and high-tech manufacturing another 20&nbsp;percent.<ref name="thechinaperspective1"/>

In 2021, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 534 billion RMB (US$79.4 billion), 5.28 trillion RMB (US$785.6 billion), and 7.09 trillion RMB (US$1.05 trillion), respectively.<ref name="data2022"/> Guangdong contributes approximately 10.6% of the total national economic output.<ref name="data2022"/> Now, it has three of the six [[Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China|Special Economic Zones]]: [[Shenzhen]], [[Shantou]] and [[Zhuhai]]. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very concentrated near the [[Pearl River Delta]].

===Economic and technological development zones===
* [[Shenzhen]] Export Processing Zone
* Shenzhen [[Futian]] Free Trade Zone<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone/ |title=Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182059/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref>
* Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park
* [[Yantian]] Port Free Trade Zone
* [[Foshan]] National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone/ |title=Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182040/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Guangzhou]] Development District
* Guangzhou Export Processing Zone
* Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
* Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone
* Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)
* Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
* [[Huizhou]] Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone
* Huizhou Export Processing Zone
* Huizhou Zhongkai Hi-Tech Development Zone
* [[Nansha Subdistrict|Nansha]] Free Trade Zone
* [[Shantou]] Free Trade Zone
* [[Shatoujiao]] Free Trade Zone
* [[Zhanjiang]] Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)
* [[Zhuhai]] National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
* Zhuhai Free Trade Zone
* [[Zhongshan]] Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone