Editing Grenoble (section)

===20th century===
[[World War&nbsp;I]] accelerated Grenoble's economic development.<ref>''L’histoire de l'Isère en BD'', Tome 5, Gilbert Bouchard, 2004, p40</ref> To sustain the war effort, new hydroelectric industries developed along the various rivers of the region, and several existing companies moved into the armaments industry (for example in [[Livet-et-Gavet]]). Electrochemical factories were also established in the area surrounding Grenoble, initially to produce chemical weapons. This development resulted in significant immigration to Grenoble, particularly from Italian workers who settled in the Saint-Laurent neighborhood.
[[File:Entrée exposition H.B. - Grenoble.jpg|thumb|Gate of the exposition in 1925]]

The economic development of the city was highlighted by the organization of the [[International Exhibition of Hydropower and Tourism]] in 1925, which was visited by more than 1&nbsp;million people.<ref>[[:fr:Exposition internationale de la houille blanche#Les chiffres]]</ref>{{circular reference|date=August 2020}} The organization of this exhibition forced the military to remove the old city walls and allowed the expansion of the city to the south. This exhibition also highlighted the city's hydropower industry and the region's tourist attractions.

The site of the exhibition became an urban park in 1926, named [[Parc Paul Mistral]] after the death of the mayor in 1932. The only building of this exhibition remaining in the park is the crumbling [[Perret tower (Grenoble)|Tour Perret]], which has been closed to the public since 1960 due to its very poor state of maintenance.

==== World War II ====
During World War II, at the [[Battle of France]], the German invasion was stopped near Grenoble at [[Voreppe]] by the forces of [[General Cartier]]. The French forces resisted until the armistice, after which Grenoble was part of the [[French State]] before an Italian occupation from 1942 to 1943. The relative tolerance of the Italian occupiers towards the Jewish populations resulted in a significant number moving to the region from the German-occupied parts of France.<ref>''L’histoire...'', Tome 5, Gilbert Bouchard, 2004, p45</ref>

Grenoble was extremely active in the [[French Resistance|Résistance]] against the occupation. Its action was symbolized by figures such as [[Eugène Chavant]], Léon Martin, and [[Marie Reynoard]].<ref name="ordredelaliberation.fr">{{cite web|url=http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/us_ville/grenoble.html  |title=Order of the Liberation |access-date=12 May 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071020031540/http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/us_ville/grenoble.html |archive-date = 20 October 2007}}</ref> The University of Grenoble supported the clandestine operations and provided false documentation for young people to prevent them from being assigned to [[Service du Travail Obligatoire|STO]].

In September 1943, German troops occupied Grenoble, escalating the conflict with the clandestine movements. On 11 November 1943 (the anniversary of the [[World War I|armistice of 1918]]), massive strikes and demonstrations took place in front of the local collaboration offices. In response, the occupiers arrested 400 demonstrators in the streets. On 13 November, the resistance blew up the artillery at the Polygon, which was a psychological shock for an enemy who then intensified the repression. On 25 November, the occupiers killed 11 members of the Résistance organizations of Grenoble. This violent crackdown was nicknamed "[[Grenoble's Saint-Bartholomew]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_ville/grenoble.html  |title=Ordre de la Libération |date=25 February 2008 |access-date=12 May 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225161640/http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_ville/grenoble.html |archive-date = 25 February 2008}}</ref> From these events, Grenoble was styled by the [[Free French Forces]] the title of ''Capital of the [[Maquis (World War II)|Maquis]]'' on the antennas of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/getpart.php?id=lyon2.2000.barriere_p&part=11279 |title=Grenoble en concurrence avec Lyon  |publisher=Université Lyon 2 |access-date=3 May 2012}}</ref>

This event only intensified the activities of Grenoble's resistance movements. The Germans could not prevent the destruction of their new arsenal on 2 December at the Bonne Barracks. After the [[Invasion of Normandy|Normandy landing]], resistance operations reached their peak, with numerous attacks considerably hampering the activity of German troops. With the [[Operation Dragoon|landing in Provence]], German troops evacuated the city on 22 August 1944. On 5 November 1944, General [[Charles de Gaulle]] came to Grenoble and bestowed on the city the ''[[Ordre de la Libération|Compagnon de la Libération]]'' to recognise "a heroic city at the peak of the French resistance and combat for the liberation".<ref name="ordredelaliberation.fr"/>

==== Post-war ====
[[File:Mairie Grenoble.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Grenoble|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
In 1955, future [[Nobel Prize in Physics|physics Nobel Prize]] laureate [[Louis Néel]] created the Grenoble Center for Nuclear Studies (CENG), resulting in the birth of the Grenoble model, a combination of research and industry. The first stone was laid in December 1956.

In 1968, Grenoble hosted the [[1968 Winter Olympics|X Olympic Winter Games]]. This event helped modernize the city with the development of infrastructure such as an airport, motorways, the new [[Hôtel de Ville, Grenoble|Hôtel de Ville]] (town hall), and a new train station.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/sport-d-hiver-ski-biathlon/jo-de-1968-a-grenoble-la-transformation-d-une-ville-1516120348 |title=JO de 1968 à Grenoble : la transformation d'une ville |date=2 February 2018 |publisher=France Bleu Isère |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref> It also helped the development of ski resorts like [[Chamrousse]], [[Les Deux Alpes]], and [[Villard-de-Lans]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.grenoble.fr/uploads/Externe/9f/414_688_DP-lancement-50-ans-JO.pdf |title=1968/2018 Célébration des 50 ans des Jeux Olympiques d'hiver de Grenoble |publisher=Ville de Grenoble |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref>