Editing Gregor Mendel (section)

=== Modern analysis of the genes causing Mendel's pea phenotypes ===
Mendel postulated that seven "factors" determine the features he studied in peas. These factors are called "[[Gene|genes]]" today, but the nature of these genes remained mysterious for more than a century. The effort to identify these genes lasted until 2025 when the last 3 genes were discovered.<ref name=":6" /> The seven genes are as follows (genes are abbreviated PsXYZ for ''[[Pea|Pisum sativum]]'', the scientific name of the pea): the ''wrinkled'' phenotype of peas (wild-type round) is caused by an [[Insertion (genetics)|insertion]] in the '''PsSBE1''' gene. The ''yellow'' phenotype (wild-type: green) is caused by an insertion or mutation in the '''PsSGR''' gene. The ''white'' phenotype of the flower color (wild-type: ''purple'') is caused by a [[Deletion (genetics)|deletion]] in the '''PsbHLH''' gene. The ''dwarf'' phenotype is caused by the '''PsGA3ox1''' gene while the pod color phenotype (''yellow'' vs. ''green'') is caused by the '''PsChlG''' gene. Finally, the pod shape is determined by the '''PsCLE41''' gene which causes the ''constricted'' or ''inflated'' phenotypes and the '''PsCIK2/3''' gene causes the ''terminal'' and ''axial'' flower position.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Cong |last2=Chen |first2=Baizhi |last3=Hofer |first3=Julie |last4=Shi |first4=Yan |last5=Jiang |first5=Mei |last6=Song |first6=Bo |last7=Cheng |first7=Hong |last8=Lu |first8=Lu |last9=Wang |first9=Luyao |last10=Howard |first10=Alex |last11=Bendahmane |first11=Abdel |last12=Fouchal |first12=Anissa |last13=Moreau |first13=Carol |last14=Sawada |first14=Chie |last15=LeSignor |first15=Christine |date=2025-04-23 |title=Genomic and genetic insights into Mendel's pea genes |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08891-6 |journal=Nature |language=en |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1038/s41586-025-08891-6 |pmid=40269167 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>