Editing Greenwich Village (section)

====Newgate Prison====
From 1797<ref name=goth366>{{harvnb|Burrows|Wallace|1999|pp=366–367}}</ref> until 1829,<ref>{{harvnb|Burrows|Wallace|1999|p=448}}</ref> the bucolic village of Greenwich was the location of New York State's first [[Prison|penitentiary]], Newgate Prison, on the Hudson River at what is now [[10th Street (Manhattan)|West 10th Street]],<ref name=goth366/> near the [[Christopher Street]] pier.<ref name=inside/> The building was designed by [[Joseph-François Mangin]], who would later co-design [[New York City Hall]].<ref>{{harvnb|Burrows|Wallace|1999|p=369}}</ref> Although the intention of its first warden, [[Quaker]] prison reformer [[Thomas Eddy]], was to provide a rational and humanitarian place for retribution and rehabilitation, the prison soon became an overcrowded and pestilent place, subject to frequent riots by the prisoners which damaged the buildings and killed some inmates.<ref name=goth366/> By 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day.<ref>{{harvnb|Burrows|Wallace|1999|pp=505–506}}</ref> Since the prison was north of the New York City boundary at the time, being sentenced to Newgate became known as being "sent up the river". This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to [[Sing Sing Prison]], in the town of [[Ossining (town), New York|Ossining]] upstream of New York City.<ref name=inside>{{cite inside}}, p. 53</ref>