Editing Green anarchism (section)

==Branches==

===Social ecology===
The green anarchist theory of [[social ecology (Bookchin)|social ecology]] is based on an analysis of the relationship between [[society]] and [[nature]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Gordon|1y=2009|1p=1|2a1=Hall|2y=2011|2pp=379-380|3a1=Price|3y=2019|3p=282}} Social ecology considers human society to be both the cause of and solution to environmental degradation, envisioning the creation of a [[Rationalism|rational]] and [[Ecology|ecological]] society through a process of [[sociocultural evolution]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=282-283}} Social ecologist [[Murray Bookchin]] saw society itself as a natural product of [[evolution]],{{Sfnm|1a1=Gordon|1y=2009|1p=1|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2pp=283-284}} which intrinsically tended toward ever-increasing [[complexity]] and diversity.{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=283-284}} While he saw human society as having the potential to become "nature rendered self-conscious",{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=284}} in ''[[The Ecology of Freedom]]'', Bookchin elaborated that the emergence of [[hierarchy]] had given way to a disfigured form of society that was both ecologically and socially destructive.{{Sfnm|1a1=Gordon|1y=2009|1pp=1-2|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=284}}

According to social ecology, the oppression of humans by humans directly preceded the exploitation of the environment by hierarchical society, which itself caused a [[vicious circle]] of increasing socio-ecological devastation.{{Sfnm|1a1=Hall|1y=2011|1p=380|2a1=Parson|2y=2018|2p=221|3a1=Price|3y=2019|3pp=284-285|4a1=Radcliffe|4y=2016|4p=194}} Considering social hierarchy to go against the natural evolutionary tendencies towards complexity and diversity,{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=285}} social ecology concludes that oppressive hierarchies have to be abolished in order to resolve the [[ecological crisis]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Parson|1y=2018|1p=221|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=285}} Bookchin thus proposed a decentralised system of [[direct democracy]], centred locally in the [[municipality]], where people themselves could [[Public participation (decision making)|participate in decision making]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=285-286}} He envisioned a [[Self-organization|self-organized]] system of [[popular assembly|popular assemblies]] to replace the [[state (polity)|state]] and re-educate individuals into socially and ecologically-minded citizens.{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=286}}
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===Deep ecology===
The theory of [[deep ecology]] rejects [[anthropocentrism]] in favour of [[Biocentrism (ethics)|biocentrism]], which recognizes the [[Instrumental and intrinsic value|intrinsic value]] of all life, regardless of its utility to humankind.{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=287}} Unlike social ecologists, theorists of deep ecology considered human society to be incapable of reversing environmental degradation and, as a result, proposed a drastic reduction in [[world population]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=287-288}} The solutions to [[human overpopulation]] proposed by deep ecologists included [[bioregionalism]], which advocated the replacement of the [[nation state]] with [[bioregion]]s, as well as a widespread return to a [[hunter-gatherer]] lifestyle.{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=288}} Some deep ecologists, including members of [[Earth First!]], have even welcomed the mass death caused by [[disease]] and [[famine]] as a form of [[Human population planning|population control]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=288-289}}
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===Anarcho-primitivism===
The theory of [[anarcho-primitivism]] aims its critique at the emergence of [[technology]], [[agriculture]] and [[civilisation]], which it considers to have been the source of all social problems.{{Sfnm|1a1=Parson|1y=2018|1pp=223-224|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=289}} According to American primitivist theorist [[John Zerzan]], it was the [[division of labour]] in agricultural societies that had first given way to the [[social inequality]] and [[social alienation|alienation]] which became characteristic of [[modernity]]. As such, Zerzan proposed the abolition of technology and science, in order for society to be broken down and humans to return to a hunter-gather lifestyle.{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=289}} [[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian socialists]] such as [[Noam Chomsky]] and [[Michael Albert]] have been critical of anarcho-primitivism, with the former arguing that it would inevitably result in [[genocide]].{{Sfn|Parson|2018|pp=223-224}}
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===Green syndicalism===
Green syndicalism, as developed by [[Graham Purchase]] and [[Judi Bari]],{{Sfn|Marshall|2008|p=689}} advocates for the unification of the [[labour movement]] with [[environmental movement]] and for [[trade union]]s such as the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] (IWW) to adopt ecological concerns into their platforms.{{Sfnm|1a1=Marshall|1y=2008|1p=689|2a1=Parson|2y=2018|2p=221}} Seeing [[workers' self-management]] as a means to address environmental degradation, green syndicalism pushes for workers to agitate their colleagues, [[sabotage]] environmentally destructive practices in their workplaces, and form [[workers' councils]]. Green syndicalist Jeff Shantz proposed that a [[free association of producers]] would be best positioned to dismantle the industrial economy, through the decentralisation and localisation of production.{{Sfn|Parson|2018|p=221}} In contrast to [[Marxism]] and [[anarcho-syndicalism]], green syndicalism opposes [[mass production]] and rejects the idea that the industrial economy has a "liberatory potential"; but it also rejects the radical environmentalist calls for a "complete, immediate break with industrialism".{{Sfn|Parson|2018|p=223}}