Editing Graphic novel (section)

=== European adoption of the term ===
Outside North America, Eisner's ''A Contract with God'' and Spiegelman's ''Maus'' led to the popularization of the expression "graphic novel" as well.<ref>[https://www.lambiek.net/aanvang/2000graphicnovel.htm Stripgeschiedenis <nowiki>[Comic Strip History]</nowiki>: 2000-2010 Graphic novels] at the [[Lambiek Comiclopedia]] (in Dutch): "In de jaren zeventig verschenen enkele strips die zichzelf aanprezen als 'graphic novel', onder hen bevond zich 'A Contract With God' van Eisner, een verzameling korte strips in een volwassen, literaire stijl. Vanaf die tijd wordt de term gebruikt om het verschil aan te geven tussen 'gewone' strips, bedoeld ter algemeen vermaak, en strips met een meer literaire pretentie". / "In the 1970s, several comics that billed themselves as 'graphic novels' appeared, including Eisner's 'A Contract With God', a collection of short comics in a mature, literary style. From that time on, the term has been used to indicate the difference between 'regular' comics, intended for general entertainment, and comics with a more literary pretension". [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801045921/https://www.lambiek.net/aanvang/2000graphicnovel.htm Archived] from the original on August 1, 2020.</ref> Until then, most European countries used neutral, descriptive terminology that referred to the form of the medium, not the contents or the publishing form. In Francophone Europe for example, the expression ''bandes dessinées'' — which literally translates as "drawn strips" – is used, while the terms ''stripverhaal'' ("strip story") and ''tegneserie'' ("drawn series") are used by the Dutch/Flemish and Scandinavians respectively.<ref>Notable exceptions have become the German and Spanish speaking populaces who have adopted the US derived ''comic'' and ''cómic'' respectively. The traditional Spanish term had previously been ''tebeo'' ("strip"), today somewhat dated. The likewise German expression ''Serienbilder'' ("serialized images") has, unlike its Spanish counterpart, become obsolete. The term "comic" is used in some other European countries as well, but often exclusively to refer to the standard [[American comic book]] format.</ref> European [[comics studies]] scholars have observed that Americans originally used ''graphic novel'' for everything that deviated from their standard, [[American comic book|32-page comic book]] format, meaning that all larger-sized, longer Franco-Belgian [[comic album]]s, regardless of their contents, fell under the heading.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Writer-artist [[Bryan Talbot]] claims that the first collection of his ''[[The Adventures of Luther Arkwright]]'', published by [[Pssst!|Proutt]] in 1982, was the first British graphic novel.<ref name=Talbot>Méalóid, Pádraig Ó. [https://www.bryan-talbot.com/features/interview-padraig-o-mealoid.php "Interview with Bryan Talbot"], BryanTalbot.com (Started 6th May 2009. Finished 21st September 2009).</ref>

American comic critics have occasionally referred to European graphic novels as "Euro-comics",<ref>{{cite news | last1=Decker | first1=Dwight R. | last2=Jordan | first2=Gil | last3=Thompson | first3=Kim | authorlink3=Kim Thompson | title=Another World of Comics & From Europe with Love: An Interview with Catalan's Outspoken Bernd Metz" & "Approaching Euro-Comics: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brave New World of European Graphic Albums | date=March 1989  | publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] | location=[[Westlake Village, California]] | work=Amazing Heroes | issue=160 | pages=18–52}}</ref> and attempts were made in the late 1980s to cross-fertilize the American market with these works. American publishers [[Catalan Communications]] and [[NBM Publishing]] released translated titles, predominantly from the backlog catalogs of [[Casterman]] and [[Les Humanoïdes Associés]].