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== References == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=BrookeL>{{cite web | title=Frequency Lists for NT Greek and Biblical Hebrew | website=Brooke Lester | date=2011-03-10 | url=http://www.brookelester.net/blog/2011/3/10/frequency-lists-for-nt-greek-and-biblical-hebrew.html | access-date=2022-11-07}}</ref> <ref name="ethnicus">{{cite web | title=Meaning of ethnicus (ethnici, ethnica, ethnicae, ethnicam, ethnicarum, ethnicas, ethnici, ethnicior, ethniciora, ethniciore) in Latin-English dictionary | website=World of Dictionary | date=November 16, 2020 | url=https://worldofdictionary.com/dict/latin-english/meaning/ethnicus | language=la | access-date=December 6, 2020 | archive-date=September 23, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923042254/http://worldofdictionary.com/dict/latin-english/meaning/ethnicus | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HebDict">{{Cite web |script-title=he:גוי |url=https://www.morfix.co.il/%d7%92%d7%95%d7%99 |access-date=2020-08-15 |script-website=he:מילון מורפיקס |website=Morfix |language=he |archive-date=2012-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122012513/https://www.morfix.co.il/%d7%92%d7%95%d7%99 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name = "ISB">{{cite encyclopedia | editor = James Orr | editor-link = James Orr (theologian) | encyclopedia = [[International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]] | title = Goiim | url = http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/G/goiim.html | access-date = January 13, 2012 | year = 1939 | orig-date = 1915 | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]] | volume = 2 | location = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] | oclc = 819295 | archive-date = August 23, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180823105525/https://www.internationalstandardbible.com/G/goiim.html | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name=JPost1>{{cite web|access-date=2020-11-12|title=Proud Boys leader trying to rebrand the group as explicitly antisemitic|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/proud-boys-leader-trying-to-rebrand-the-group-as-explicitly-antisemitic-648831|publisher=The Jerusalem Post | website=JPost.com|date=12 November 2020 }}</ref> <ref name=KJVLexicon>{{cite web | last1=Henderson | first1=Melissa | last2=Baker | first2=Lisa Loraine | last3=Verrett | first3=Bethany | last4=Brodie | first4=Jessica | last5=Haynes | first5=Clarence L. Jr. | last6=Dunn | first6=Betty | title=Gowy Meaning in Bible - Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon - King James Version | website=biblestudytools.com | date=8 November 2022 | url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/kjv/gowy.html | access-date=9 November 2022 | archive-date=9 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085818/https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/kjv/gowy.html | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Lazarus>{{cite web | last=Lazarus | first=David | title=When Did "Goy" Become a Dirty Word? | website=Israel Today | date=20 March 2022 | url=https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/when-did-goy-become-a-dirty-word/ | access-date=7 November 2022 | archive-date=7 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107175716/https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/when-did-goy-become-a-dirty-word/ | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Maroof>See, for instance: {{cite web | last=Maroof | first=Rabbi Joshua | title=Pittsburgh Reflections - OU Life | website=OU Life | date=9 November 2018 | url=https://www.ou.org/life/inspiration/pittsburgh-reflections/ | access-date=7 November 2022 | archive-date=7 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107174111/https://www.ou.org/life/inspiration/pittsburgh-reflections/ | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=Molnar>{{cite journal | last=Molnár | first=Virág | title=Civil society, radicalism and the rediscovery of mythic nationalism | journal=Nations and Nationalism | publisher=Wiley | volume=22 | issue=1 | date=October 30, 2015 | issn=1354-5078 | doi=10.1111/nana.12126 | pages=165–185| doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=MooreColby>{{cite book|author1=Frank Moore Colby|author2=Talcott Williams|title=The New International Encyclopædia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYxIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA264|year=1917|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|page=264}}</ref> <ref name = "mw">{{Cite web|title=Definition of GOY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/goy|access-date=2020-08-15|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=NationEty>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nation |title=Nation |website=Etymoline}}</ref> <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=goy ''noun'' |website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/goy?q=goy|access-date=2020-08-15}}</ref> <ref name=Persico>{{cite web | last=Persico | first=Tomer | title=How the Jews Invented the Goy | website=Haaretz.com | date=9 November 2019 | url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-11-09/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-the-jews-invented-the-goy/0000017f-dc77-d3a5-af7f-feff061b0000 | access-date=7 November 2022 | archive-date=7 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107092255/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-11-09/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-the-jews-invented-the-goy/0000017f-dc77-d3a5-af7f-feff061b0000 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Definition of Goy |website=Collins Dictionary Online|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/goy |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> <ref name="RoseKlein2009">{{cite book|author1=Or N. Rose|author2=Margie Klein|author3=Jo Ellen Green Kaiser|author4=David Ellenson|title=Righteous Indignation: A Jewish Call for Justice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNbvH10-jLoC&pg=PA4|access-date=18 November 2010|year=2009|publisher=Jewish Lights Publishing|isbn=978-1-58023-414-6|page=4}}</ref> <ref name=Rosen-Zvi>{{cite journal | last1=Rosen-Zvi | first1=Ishay | last2=Ophir | first2=Adi | title=Paul and the Invention of the Gentiles | journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review | volume=105 | issue=1 | year=2015 |quote-pages=3-4 | jstor=43298709 | pages=1–41 | doi=10.1353/jqr.2015.0001 | s2cid=143788215 |quote="In the Hebrew Bible, goy simply means "nation," with Israel too being a goy, a "holy goy" indeed but still a nation among nations".."During the Hellenistic period, however, a semantic differentiation takes place, and goyim begins to be used mostly for foreign nations."}}</ref> <ref name=SPLC>{{Cite web|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|date=August 30, 2020|title=Wisconsin Man Who Says He Marched With Rittenhouse in Kenosha Was Immersed in White Supremacist Propaganda|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/08/30/wisconsin-man-who-says-he-marched-rittenhouse-kenosha-was-immersed-white-supremacist|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=Hatewatch|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=wiseman>Wiseman, D. J. "[http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/wiseman_genesis-10.pdf Genesis 10: Some Archaeological Considerations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727181345/https://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/wiseman_genesis-10.pdf |date=2023-07-27 }}." ''Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute'' (1955).</ref> <ref name="Wolfthal">{{cite book|last=Wolfthal|first=Diane|title=Picturing Yiddish: gender, identity, and memory in the illustrated Yiddish books of Renaissance Italy|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2004|isbn=978-90-04-13905-3|at=p. 59 footnote 60|chapter=III - Representing Jewish Ritual and Identity |access-date=January 13, 2012|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hKI1Q3Qd1cC&q=Shabbos+goy+candle&pg=PA204|chapter-format=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> <ref name=Yanover>{{cite web | last=Yanover | first=Yori | title=Maimonides: Islam Good, Christianity Bad, Muslims Bad, Christians Good | website=JewishPress.com | date=15 November 2013 | url=https://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/opinions/maimonides-islam-good-christianity-bad-muslims-bad-christians-good/2013/11/15/ | access-date=8 November 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108093637/https://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/opinions/maimonides-islam-good-christianity-bad-muslims-bad-christians-good/2013/11/15/ | url-status=live }}</ref> }}
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