Editing Gothic architecture (section)

=== ''Rayonnant Gothic'' and ''Decorated Style'' ===
{{See also|Rayonnant|Decorated Gothic}}
''[[Rayonnant]] Gothic'' maximized the coverage of stained glass windows such that the walls are effectively entirely glazed; examples are the nave of Saint-Denis (1231–) and the royal chapel of [[Louis IX of France]] on the [[Île de la Cité]] in the [[Seine]] – the [[Sainte-Chapelle]] (''c''.1241–1248).<ref name=":1" /> The high and thin walls of French ''Rayonnant Gothic'' allowed by the flying buttresses enabled increasingly ambitious expanses of glass and decorated tracery, reinforced with ironwork.<ref name=":1" /> Shortly after Saint-Denis, in the 1250s, Louis IX commissioned the rebuilt transepts and enormous rose windows of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] (1250s for the north transept, 1258 for the beginning of south transept).{{Sfn|Martindale|1993|p=89}} This first 'international style' was also used in the clerestory of [[Metz Cathedral]] (''c''. 1245–), then in the choir of [[Cologne]]'s cathedral (''c''. 1250–), and again in the nave of the cathedral at [[Strasbourg]] (''c''. 1250–).<ref name=":1" /> Masons elaborated a series of tracery patterns for windows – from the basic ''geometrical'' to the ''reticulated'' and the ''curvilinear –'' which had superseded the lancet window.<ref name=":04"/> Bar-tracery of the ''curvilinear, flowing'', and ''reticulated'' types distinguish ''Second Pointed'' style.<ref name=":04"/>

''Decorated Gothic'' similarly sought to emphasize the windows, but excelled in the ornamentation of their tracery. Churches with features of this style include Westminster Abbey (1245–), the cathedrals at [[Lichfield]] (after 1257–) and [[Exeter]] (1275–), [[Bath Abbey]] (1298–), and the retro choir at [[Wells Cathedral]] (''c''.1320–).<ref name=":1" />

The ''Rayonnant'' developed its second 'international style' with increasingly autonomous and sharp-edged tracery mouldings apparent in the cathedral at [[Clermont-Ferrand]] (1248–), the papal collegiate church at [[Troyes]], [[Basilique Saint-Urbain de Troyes|Saint-Urbain]] (1262–), and the west façade of [[Strasbourg Cathedral]] (1276–1439)).<ref name=":1" /> By 1300, there were examples influenced by Strasbourg in the cathedrals of [[Limoges]] (1273–), [[Regensburg]] (''c''. 1275–), and in the cathedral nave at [[York]] (1292–).<ref name=":1" />[[File:Prag, Prager Burg, Veitsdom -- 2019 -- 6662.jpg|thumb|''Flamboyant Gothic'' east end,{{Break}}Prague Cathedral (1344–)]]
[[File:Henry7Chapel 02.jpg|thumb|''Perpendicular Gothic'' east end, Henry VII Chapel ({{circa|1503}}–1512)]]