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===Gneiss domes=== Gneiss domes are common in [[orogenic belts]] (regions of mountain formation).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Whitney |first1=D.L |last2=Teyssier |first2=C. |last3=Vanderhaeghe |first3=O. |year=2004 |chapter=Gneiss domes and crustal flow |editor-last1=Whitney |editor-first1=D.L. |editor-last2=Teyssier |editor-first2=C. |editor-last3=Siddoway |editor-first3=C.S. |editor3-link= Christine Siddoway|title=Gneiss domes in orogeny: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 380 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309201751 |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> They consist of a dome of gneiss intruded by younger granite and migmatite and mantled with sedimentary rock.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Teyssier |first1=Christian |last2=Whitney |first2=Donna L. |title=Gneiss domes and orogeny |journal=Geology |date=1 December 2002 |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1139β1142 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1139:GDAO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=2002Geo....30.1139T }}</ref> These have been interpreted as a [[geologic record]] of two distinct mountain-forming events, with the first producing the granite basement and the second deforming and melting this basement to produce the domes. However, some gneiss domes may actually be the cores of [[metamorphic core complex]]es, regions of the deep crust brought to the surface and exposed during extension of the [[Earth's crust]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yin |first1=A. |year=2004 |chapter=Gneiss domes and gneiss dome systems |editor-last1=Whitney |editor-first1=D.L. |editor-last2=Teyssier |editor-first2=C. |editor-last3=Siddoway |editor-first3=C.S.|editor3-link= Christine Siddoway|title=Gneiss domes in orogeny |publisher=Geological Society of America |id=Special Paper 380 |location=Boulder, Colorado|pages= 1β14 |url=https://faculty.epss.ucla.edu/~yin/05-Publications/papers/085-Yin-2004-GSA%20Special%20papers.pdf |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref>
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