Editing Glass (section)

=== Other ===
{{See also|List of physical properties of glass|Corrosion#Corrosion of glass|Strength of glass}}
[[File:Artesanía en vidrio (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Glass can be fairly easily melted and manipulated with a heat source]]
In the manufacturing process, glasses can be poured, formed, extruded and moulded into forms ranging from flat sheets to highly intricate shapes.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZUtFQNuNgMC&pg=PA60 |title=Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing |last=Mattox |first=D.M. |year=2014 |page=60 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-08-094658-0}}</ref> The finished product is brittle but can be [[laminated glass|laminated]] or [[Tempered glass|tempered]] to enhance durability.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7Z8ywb3QggC&pg=PA361|title=Glasses and the Vitreous State|last=Zarzycki|first=Jerzy|year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-35582-7|pages=361}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CL8Z38FaPsAC&pg=PA365|title=Collision Repair and Refinishing: A Foundation Course for Technicians|last1=Thomas|first1=Alfred|last2=Jund|first2=Michael|year=2013|pages=365|publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-60187-6}}</ref> Glass is typically inert, resistant to chemical attack, and can mostly withstand the action of water, making it an ideal material for the manufacture of containers for foodstuffs and most chemicals.<ref name="Harvey09" /><ref name="Gardner-1949">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYQ3BMs9Ql0C&pg=PA13|title=Research and Development in Applied Optics and Optical Glass at the National Bureau of Standards: A Review and Bibliography|last1=Gardner|first1=Irvine Clifton|last2=Hahner|first2=Clarence H.|date=1949|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=13|isbn=9780598682413}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJTBCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA550|title=Food Safety in the 21st Century: Public Health Perspective|last1=Dudeja|first1=Puja|last2=Gupta|first2=Rajul K.| page=550 |last3=Minhas|first3=Amarjeet Singh|year=2016|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-801846-0}}</ref> Nevertheless, although usually highly resistant to chemical attack, glass will corrode or dissolve under some conditions.<ref name="Gardner-1949" /><ref name="Bengisu 2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXD8CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA360|title=Engineering Ceramics|last=Bengisu|first=M.|year=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-662-04350-9|page=360}}</ref> The materials that make up a particular glass composition affect how quickly the glass corrodes. Glasses containing a high proportion of [[alkali metal|alkali]] or [[Alkaline earth element|alkaline earth]] elements are more susceptible to corrosion than other glass compositions.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVe7CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|title=Materials Degradation and Its Control by Surface Engineering|last1=Batchelor|first1=Andrew W.|last2=Loh|first2=Nee Lam|last3=Chandrasekaran|first3=Margam|year=2011|publisher=World Scientific|page=141|isbn=978-1-908978-14-1}}</ref><ref name="Chawla93">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NXYRgHnnqkC&pg=PA328|pages=327–328|title=Materials Selection for Corrosion Control|last=Chawla|first=Sohan L.|date=1993|publisher=ASM International|isbn=978-1-61503-728-5}}</ref>

The density of glass varies with chemical composition with values ranging from {{convert|2.2|g/cm3|kg/m3}} for [[Fused quartz|fused silica]] to {{convert|7.2|g/cm3|kg/m3}} for dense flint glass.<ref>{{cite Q|Q87511351}}<!--"Density of Glass" in The Physics Factbook--></ref> Glass is stronger than most metals, with a theoretical [[tensile strength]] for pure, flawless glass estimated at {{convert|14|to|35|GPa|psi}} due to its ability to undergo reversible compression without fracture. However, the presence of scratches, bubbles, and other microscopic flaws lead to a typical range of {{convert|14|to|175|MPa|psi}} in most commercial glasses.<ref name="brittanica-industrial">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/glass-properties-composition-and-industrial-production-234890|title=Industrial glass – Properties of glass|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Several processes such as [[Toughened glass|toughening]] can increase the strength of glass.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/architects/glass-information/functions-of-glass/mechanicalfunctionsofglass/glass-strength|title=Glass Strength|website=www.pilkington.com|access-date=2017-11-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726123604/http://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/architects/glass-information/functions-of-glass/mechanicalfunctionsofglass/glass-strength|archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> Carefully drawn flawless [[glass fibre]]s can be produced with a strength of up to {{convert|11.5|GPa|psi}}.<ref name=brittanica-industrial />
{{Further|topic=the tiny glass flakes formed during glass vial manufacturing |Spicule (glass manufacture)|label1=Spicule}}