Editing Georgian language (section)

===Prosody===
[[Prosody (linguistics)|Prosody]] in Georgian involves stress, intonation, and rhythm. Stress is very weak, and linguists disagree as to where stress occurs in words.<ref name=":3"/> Jun, Vicenik, and Lofstedt have proposed that Georgian stress and intonation are the result of [[pitch accent]]s on the first syllable of a word and near the end of a phrase.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Jun|Vicenik|Lofstedt|2007}}</ref>

According to Borise,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Borise |first1=Lena |last2=Zientarski |first2=Xavier |chapter=Word Stress and Phrase Accent in Georgian |date=2018-06-18 |title=6th International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2018) |chapter-url=https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/tal_2018/borise18_tal.html |language=en |pages=207–211 |doi=10.21437/TAL.2018-42}}</ref> Georgian has fixed initial word-level stress cued primarily by greater syllable duration and intensity of the initial syllable of a word.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borise |first=Lena |date=2023-02-13 |title=Disentangling word stress and phrasal prosody: A view from Georgian |url=https://www.phondata.org/index.php/pda/article/view/43 |journal=Phonological Data and Analysis |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.3765/pda.v5art1.43 |issn=2642-1828 |s2cid=256858909 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Georgian vowels in non-initial syllables are pronounced with a shorter duration compared to vowels in initial syllables.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kwon |first1=Harim |last2=Chitoran |first2=Ioana |date=2023-11-29 |title=Perception of illusory clusters: the role of native timing |journal=Phonetica |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=153–184 |language=en |doi=10.1515/phon-2023-2005 |issn=1423-0321|doi-access=free |pmid=38012049 }}</ref> long polysyllabic words may have a secondary stress on their third or fourth syllable.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The consonant phonotactics of Georgian |url=https://www.lotpublications.nl/the-consonant-phonotactics-of-georgian-the-consonant-phonotactics-of-georgian}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Gamq'relidze |first1=Nana |url=https://www.tsu.ge/data/file_db/faculty_humanities/fonetika%201.pdf |title=ქართული ნორმატიული და დიალექტური მეტყველების ფონეტიკური ანალიზი |last2=K'ot'et'ishvili |first2=Shota |last3=Lezhava |first3=Ivane |last4=Lortkipanidze |first4=Luiza |last5=Javakhidze |first5=L |publisher=Nek'eri |year=2006 |location=Tbilisi |pages=7 |language=ka |trans-title=A phonetic analysis of Georgian normative and dialectical speech}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lomashvili |first=Leila A. |date=2015-03-20 |title=Acquiring verbal morphology in Georgian |url=https://www.academia.edu/109476032 |journal=Language Typology and Universals|volume=68 |pages=87–105 |doi=10.1515/stuf-2015-0005 }}</ref> 

According to Gamq'relidze et al, quadrisyllabic words may be exceptionally stressed on their second syllable.<ref name=":9" /> Stressed vowels in Georgian have slightly longer duration, more intensity, and higher pitch compared to unstressed vowels.<ref name=":9" /> 

Some Georgian dialects have distinctive stress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stress in the dialects |url=https://georgian.se/kartuli/GeoGrammar/PHON/11StressDia.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=georgian.se}}</ref>