Editing George R. R. Martin (section)

==== HBO adaptation of  ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' ====
{{Main|Game of Thrones}}
[[HBO]] Productions purchased the television rights for the ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'' series in 2007. Although busy completing ''[[A Dance with Dragons]]'' and other projects, George R. R. Martin was heavily involved in the production of the television series adaptation of his books. Martin's involvement included the selection of a production team and participation in scriptwriting; the opening credits list him as a co-executive producer of the series. The original pilot was shot between October 24 and November 19, 2009, on location in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Morocco.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lacob |first=Jace |date=April 4, 2011 |title=Game of Thrones: 10 Secrets About HBO's Adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin |language=en |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/04/04/game-of-thrones-10-secrets-about-hbos-adaptation-of-a-song-of-ice-and-fire-by-george-rr-martin |access-date=September 4, 2022}}</ref> It was received so poorly by HBO executives that they did not make a decision for four months after the pilot was delivered.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Birnbaum |first=Debra |date=April 15, 2015 |title='Game of Thrones' Creators: We Know How It's Going to End |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/game-of-thrones-ending-season-5-producers-interview-1201469516/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> In March 2010, HBO's decision to greenlight the series was announced,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hibberd |first1=James |date=March 2, 2010 |title=HBO greenlights 'Game of Thrones' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/hbo-greenlights-game-thrones-21228/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> with the production of the series scheduled to start June 2010.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Poniewozik |first=James |date=March 3, 2010 |title=HBO Picks Up Thrones, Places Bet on Dustin Hoffman |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2010/03/03/hbo-picks-up-thrones-places-bet-on-dustin-hoffman/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> HBO however demanded the first episode be reshot, and wanted all the scenes from Morocco scrapped.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |date=April 8, 2011 |title=A Heroic Fantasy for Skeptics |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/10/arts/television/game-of-thrones-on-hbo-from-george-r-r-martin-novels.html |access-date=September 4, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The first episode ("[[Winter Is Coming]]") premiered on HBO in the United States and Canada on April 17, 2011. It was seen initially by 2.2 million viewers. The first season was nominated for 13 [[Emmy Awards]], ultimately winning two: one for its [[Game of Thrones title sequence|opening title credits]], and one for [[Peter Dinklage]] as Best Supporting Actor.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Game Of Thrones |url=https://www.emmys.com/shows/game-thrones |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Television Academy |language=en}}</ref>

HBO ordered a second season of ''Game of Thrones'' on April 19, 2011, two days after the series premiere.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=April 19 |first1=James Hibberd Updated |last2=EDT |first2=2011 at 03:12 PM |title=HBO renews 'Game of Thrones' for second season! |url=https://ew.com/article/2011/04/19/game-of-thrones-renewed/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref> The second season obtained a 15% increase in budget in order to be able to stage the war's most important battle,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=December 20 |first1=EW Staff Updated |last2=EST |first2=2019 at 12:02 AM |title=This Week's Cover: 'Game of Thrones,' the battle to make season 2 epic |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/03/14/game-of-thrones-ew-cover-2/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref> the Battle of the Blackwater, in episode nine which was written by George R. R. Martin. Filming took place during 106 shooting days. During three-quarters of those, two crews ("Dragon" and "Wolf") were working simultaneously in different locations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jurgensen |first=John |date=March 29, 2012 |title=A Bigger, Pricier 'Game of Thrones' |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303404704577309432008018946.html |access-date=September 4, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> [[Alan Taylor (director)|Alan Taylor]] was promoted to co-executive producer and directed four episodes, including the season premiere and finale. [[David Petrarca]] and [[David Nutter]] each directed two episodes, while series cinematographer [[Alik Sakharov]] and filmmaker [[Neil Marshall]] directed the remaining two. The second season premiered in the United States on [[HBO]] on April 1, 2012, and concluded on June 3, 2012. U.S. viewership rose by approximately 8% over the course of the season, from 3.9 million to 4.2 million by the season finale. The second season won six of the twelve [[Emmy Awards]] for which it was nominated.<ref name=":3" />

''[[Game of Thrones]]'' rapidly became a critical and commercial success after the second season. HBO renewed the series for a [[Game of Thrones season 3|third season]] on April 10, 2012, nine days after the [[Game of Thrones season 2|second season]]'s premiere. Production began in July 2012<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reply |first=kristina |date=July 9, 2012 |title=Game of Thrones Begins Filming For Season 3 |url=https://hbowatch.com/game-of-thrones-begins-filming-for-season-3/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> and concluded with the [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrap]] of the unit filming in Iceland on November 24, 2012. The third season is based on the first half of the novel ''[[A Storm of Swords]]''. Benioff had previously said that ''A Storm of Swords'' would need to be adapted in two seasons on account of its length. Benioff and Weiss also noted that they thought of ''Game of Thrones'' as an adaptation of the series as a whole, rather than of individual novels, which gave them the liberty to move scenes back and forth across novels according to the requirements of the screen adaptation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV |url=https://ew.com/tv/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref> Season 3 saw the first significant use of the [[Valyrian languages]], spoken in doomed [[Valyria]] and its former colonies in [[Essos]]. The [[constructed language]]s were developed by conlanger [[David J. Peterson]] based on the few words Martin invented for the novels. Peterson had previously developed the [[Dothraki language]], used principally in season 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Denise |title=Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian From the Man Who Invented Them for Game of Thrones |url=https://www.vulture.com/2013/04/game-of-thrones-dothraki-language-inventor.html |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Vulture |date=April 23, 2013 |language=en-us}}</ref> The third season premiered on [[HBO]] on March 31, 2013, and concluded on June 9, 2013. The third season was seen by 14.2 million viewers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adalian |first=Josef |title=For HBO, Game of Thrones Ratings Second Only to The Sopranos |url=https://www.vulture.com/2013/06/game-of-thrones-huge-ratings-chart.html |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Vulture |date=June 6, 2013 |language=en-us}}</ref>  It won 2 of the 16 [[Emmy Awards]] for which it was nominated.<ref name=":3" />

Two days after third-season premiere, HBO ordered the fourth season on April 2, 2013, which began filming in July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=April 2 |first1=James Hibberd Updated |last2=EDT |first2=2013 at 05:16 PM |title='Game of Thrones' renewed for season 4 |url=https://ew.com/article/2013/04/02/game-of-thrones-renewed-4-season/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref> The season is adapted primarily from the second half of ''[[A Storm of Swords]]'', along with elements of ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' and ''[[A Dance with Dragons]].'' [[Showrunner]]s [[David Benioff]] and [[D. B. Weiss]] co-wrote seven out of ten episodes. The remaining three episodes were written by [[Bryan Cogman]] (two episodes), and George R. R. Martin (one episode). For this season, the filming lasted 136 days and was completed on November 21, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=winteriscoming |date=November 21, 2013 |title=That's a wrap! Season 4 filming is complete |url=https://winteriscoming.net/2013/11/21/thats-a-wrap-season-4-filming-is-complete/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Winter is Coming |language=en-US |archive-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720232817/https://winteriscoming.net/2013/11/21/thats-a-wrap-season-4-filming-is-complete/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Game of Thrones season 4|fourth season]] premiered in the United States on [[HBO]] on April 6, 2014, and concluded on June 15, 2014. The season was met with largely positive reviews. It won 4 of the 19 [[Emmy Awards]] for which it was nominated.<ref name=":3" /> With its fourth season, ''Game of Thrones'' has become the most-watched HBO series in history (surpassing the fourth season of ''[[The Sopranos]]'' which had a gross audience of 18.2 million viewers), averaging 18.4 million viewers across multiple platforms, including live viewing, encores, DVR views, HBO GO and On Demand views.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entertainment |url=https://uproxx.com/category/entertainment/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=UPROXX |language=en-US}}</ref>

Up until the fourth season, Martin wrote one episode for each season. In 2022, Martin said that he had been estranged from the show during the production process of the last 4 seasons (starting with season 5).<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Koblin |first=John |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Can "House of the Dragon" Be HBO's Next 'Game of Thrones'? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/10/arts/television/house-of-the-dragon-hbo-got.html}}</ref> In the early seasons, Martin wrote and read scripts, consulted on casting decisions and visited sets. Over time, however, he stepped back to focus on his long-delayed next "Thrones" novel, ''[[The Winds of Winter]]''.<ref name=":2" /> Following the gargantuan success of the fourth season, HBO ordered the fifth season on April 8, 2014, together with the [[Game of Thrones season 6|sixth season]], which began filming in July 2014. The season primarily adapts the storylines from ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' and ''[[A Dance with Dragons]],'' also with original content not found in Martin's novels. This season set a [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for winning the highest number of [[Emmy Awards]] for a series in a single season and year, winning 12 out of 24 nominations, including [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prudom |first=Laura |date=September 21, 2015 |title='Game of Thrones' Sets Record for Most Emmy Wins in a Year |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/game-of-thrones-emmy-wins-record-1201598356/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

With a budget over $100 million for the whole season, filming for the sixth season began in July 2015 and ended on December. The season filmed in five different countries: [[Northern Ireland]], [[Spain]], [[Croatia]], [[Iceland]], and [[Canada]]. This season saw the overall plot of the show diverging from the source material. Some of the season's storyline is derived from content not yet published in Martin's ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'' series, although a significant amount of material from ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'', ''[[A Dance with Dragons]]'' and the upcoming sixth novel ''[[The Winds of Winter]]'', which Martin previously outlined to [[showrunner]]s [[David Benioff]] and [[D.B. Weiss]], was used.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=June 27, 2016 |title='Game Of Thrones' David Benioff & D.B. Weiss On Shocking Season 6 Finale |url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/game-of-thrones-season-6-finale-david-benioff-d-b-weiss-hbo-1201780242/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> The season was largely met with positive reviews.<ref>{{Citation |title=Game of Thrones |url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/game-of-thrones/season-6 |access-date=September 4, 2022}}</ref> The "[[Battle of the Bastards]]" episode received immense critical acclaim, with many calling it one of the best television episodes of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Matt |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Game of Thrones: "Battle of the Bastards" Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/20/game-of-thrones-battle-of-the-bastards-review |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season, and by approximately 13 percent over its course, from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale. The season won 12 of the 23 [[Emmy Awards]] for which it was nominated.<ref name=":3" />

Three days before the premiere of the episode "[[The Red Woman]]", HBO ordered the seventh season. Due to necessary weather conditions required for filming, the production of the penultimate season of the show was delayed that year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swift |first=Andy |date=July 6, 2016 |title=Game of Thrones Season 7 Production Delayed |url=https://tvline.com/2016/07/06/game-of-thrones-season-7-premiere-date-delayed-new-interview/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=TVLine |language=en-US}}</ref> Filming began only on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Oliver |date=September 23, 2016 |title=The incredible filming locations from Game of Thrones season seven |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/arts-and-culture/filming-locations-game-of-thrones-season-seven/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> and ended in February 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Riefe |first=Jordan |date=February 27, 2017 |title='Game of Thrones' Parodies Proliferate as Filming Wraps on Season 7 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/game-thrones-parodies-proliferate-as-filming-wraps-season-7-981144/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Unlike previous seasons, the seventh and eighth seasons largely consisted of original content not found in the source material. This season comprised only seven episodes. The showrunners stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said "It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Birnbaum |first=Debra |date=April 14, 2016 |title='Game of Thrones' Creators Mull Shorter Final Seasons (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/game-of-thrones-end-date-season-8-1201752746/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The average runtime of an episode in this season was approximately 63 minutes. The series received 22 nominations for the [[70th Primetime Emmy Awards]] and won 9 of them, including "Outstanding Drama Series".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Sandra |date=September 18, 2018 |title='Game of Thrones' reclaims best drama award at Emmy Awards |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/17/entertainment/game-of-thrones-emmy-win/index.html |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

Unlike its prior seasons, the final one took a year gap for its production and filming. The eighth season consisted of only six episodes, though the average runtime of an episode was 68 minutes, the longest of all seasons, with [[The Long Night (Game of Thrones)|"The Long Night"]] consisting of 81 minutes. The season was met with mixed reviews from critics. While the performances, production values and music score were praised, criticism was mainly directed at the shorter runtime of the season as well as numerous creative decisions made by the showrunners. Many commentators deemed it to be a disappointing conclusion to the series. Despite this, the season received 32 nominations at the [[71st Primetime Emmy Awards]], the most for a single season of television in history, and won twelve, including [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]] and [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series]] for [[Peter Dinklage]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Michael |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Emmys 2019 Nominations: HBO Back at the Top, as 'Game of Thrones' Makes History |url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/awards/emmy-nominations-2019-game-of-thrones-analysis-netflix-hbo-1203268722/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

Three years after the show ended, a [[prequel]] series, ''[[House of the Dragon]]'', premiered on HBO on August 21, 2022.  Based on parts of the novel ''[[Fire & Blood (novel)|Fire & Blood]]'', the series is set about 200 years before the events of ''[[Game of Thrones]].'' [[Ryan Condal]] and [[Miguel Sapochnik]] served as the [[showrunner]]s for the first season. Five days after its premiere, the [[House of the Dragon|series]] was renewed for a second season by [[HBO]]. On September 1, Sapochnik departed as showrunner,<ref>{{Cite web |first1=James |last1=Hibberd |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |date=August 31, 2022 |title='House of the Dragon' Shake-Up: Co-Showrunner Miguel Sapochnik Leaving Hit Series (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/house-of-the-dragon-miguel-sapochnik-leaving-1235208276/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> with another veteran [[Game of Thrones]] director [[Alan Taylor (director)|Alan Taylor]] replacing him as the co-showrunner for the upcoming second season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullen |first=Amanda |date=September 1, 2022 |title='House of the Dragon' Brings on Director Alan Taylor — What Else He's Worked On |url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/house-of-the-dragon-brings-director-alan-taylor.html/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Showbiz Cheat Sheet |language=en-US}}</ref>

In June 2022, it was reported that a Jon Snow [[sequel]] series with [[Kit Harington]] to reprise his role was in early development at HBO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 17, 2022 |title='Game of Thrones' Jon Snow Sequel Series in Development at HBO (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/game-of-thrones-jon-snow-spinoff-1235167415/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[working title]] is ''Snow'' and Martin confirmed his involvement with the project and that Harington initiated the idea.<ref name="Patten">{{Cite web |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=June 23, 2022 |title='Game Of Thrones' Creator George R.R. Martin Reveals Jon Snow Sequel's "Working Title", Showrunners On Board |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/kit-harington-game-of-thrones-sequel-series-snow-george-r-r-martin-1235051162/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Also in June, Martin said there were still three other [[Live action|live-action]] series in development: ''10,000 Ships'' (written by Amanda Segal), ''9 Voyages'' aka ''Sea Snake'' (written by [[Bruno Heller]]), and the [[Tales of Dunk and Egg|Dunk & Egg]] [[prequel]] series (written by [[Steven Conrad]]), tentatively titled either ''The Hedge Knight'' or ''Knight of the Seven Kingdoms.''<ref name="Patten" />

In January 2021, an animated drama series was announced as in development at [[HBO Max]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |date=January 27, 2021 |title='Game of Thrones' Animated Drama Eyed at HBO Max (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/game-of-thrones-animated-drama-eyed-at-hbo-max-exclusive-4123015/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2021, two more animated series were in development at HBO Max, with one being set in Yi Ti, a nation in [[Essos]] loosely based on [[Imperial China]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=July 16, 2021 |title=HBO Max Developing 2 More 'Game of Thrones' Animated Shows (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/game-of-thrones-animated-yiti-1234982593/ |access-date=September 4, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>