Editing Gender role (section)

=== West and Zimmerman ===
{{Further|Doing Gender}}Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman developed an interactionist perspective on gender beyond its construction of "roles."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macht |first=Alexandra |date=25 September 2019 |title=Doing Gender |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199756384/obo-9780199756384-0229.xml |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Oxford Bibliographies Online |language=en}}</ref> For them, gender is "the product of social doings of some sort undertaken by men and women whose competence as members of society is hostage to its production."<ref name="West+Zimmerman-1987">{{Cite journal |last1=West |first1=Candace |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Don H. |date=June 1987 |title=Doing Gender |journal=[[Gender and Society]] |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=129 |doi=10.1177/0891243287001002002 |s2cid=220519301}}</ref> This approach is described by Elisabeth K. Kelan as an "ethnomethodological approach" which analyzes "micro interactions to reveal how the objective and given nature of the world is accomplished," suggesting that gender does not exist until it is empirically perceived and performed through interactions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kelan |first1=Elisabeth K. |title=Gender Logic and (Un)doing Gender at Work |journal=Gender, Work and Organization |date=March 2010 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=178–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00459.x}}</ref> West and Zimmerman argued that the use of "role" to describe gender expectations conceals the production of gender through everyday activities. Furthermore, they stated that roles are situated identities, such as "nurse" and "student," which are developed as the situation demands, while gender is a master identity with no specific site or organizational context. For them, "conceptualizing gender as a role makes it difficult to assess its influence on other roles and reduces its explanatory usefulness in discussions of power and inequality."<ref name="West+Zimmerman-1987" /> West and Zimmerman consider gender an individual production that reflects and constructs interactional and institutional gender expectations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hirst |first1=Alison |last2=Schwabenland |first2=Christina |date=2018 |title=Doing gender in the 'new office' |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gwao.12200 |journal=Gender, Work & Organization |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=159–176 |doi=10.1111/gwao.12200 |issn=0968-6673 |hdl=10547/622118 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>