Editing Galaxy cluster (section)

=== Gravitational lensing ===
Galaxy clusters are also used for their strong gravitational potential as [[gravitational lens]]es to boost the reach of telescopes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Stephen |last2=Simionescu |first2=Aurora |last3=Nagai |first3=Daisuke |last4=Okabe |first4=Nobuhiro |last5=Eckert |first5=Dominique |last6=Mroczkowski |first6=Tony |last7=Akamatsu |first7=Hiroki |last8=Ettori |first8=Stefano |last9=Ghirardini |first9=Vittorio |date=2019-01-02 |title=The Physics of Galaxy Cluster Outskirts |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-018-0572-8 |journal=Space Science Reviews |language=en |volume=215 |issue=1 |page=7 |doi=10.1007/s11214-018-0572-8 |issn=1572-9672|arxiv=1810.00890 }}</ref> The gravitational distortion of space-time occurs near massive galaxy clusters and bends the path of photons to create a cosmic magnifying glass. This can be done with photons of any wavelength from the optical to the X-ray band. The latter is more difficult, because galaxy clusters emit a lot of X-rays.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reiprich |first=Thomas H. |last2=Basu |first2=Kaustuv |last3=Ettori |first3=Stefano |last4=Israel |first4=Holger |last5=Lovisari |first5=Lorenzo |last6=Molendi |first6=Silvano |last7=Pointecouteau |first7=Etienne |last8=Roncarelli |first8=Mauro |date=2013-08-01 |title=Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-013-9983-8 |journal=Space Science Reviews |language=en |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=195–245 |doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9983-8 |issn=1572-9672|arxiv=1303.3286 }}</ref> However, X-ray emission may still be detected when combining X-ray data to optical data. One particular case is the use of the Phoenix galaxy cluster to observe a dwarf galaxy in its early high energy stages of star formation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chu |first1=Jennifer |title=Astronomers use giant galaxy cluster as X-ray magnifying lens |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/astronomers-use-giant-galaxy-cluster-x-ray-magnifying-lens |website=MIT News |date=15 October 2019 |access-date=2022-04-04}}</ref>