Editing Freeman Dyson (section)

===''The Origin of Life''===
{{Main|Abiogenesis}}
Dyson favoured the dual origin theory: that life first formed as [[Cell (biology)|cells]], then [[enzyme]]s, and finally, much later, [[gene]]s. This was first propounded by the Russian biochemist, [[Alexander Oparin]].{{sfn|Oparin|1924}} [[J. B. S. Haldane]] developed the same theory independently.{{sfn|Haldane|1929}} In Dyson's version of the theory, life evolved in two stages, widely separated in time. Because of the biochemistry, he regards it as too unlikely that genes could have developed fully blown in one process. Current cells contain [[adenosine triphosphate]] or ATP and [[adenosine 5'-monophosphate]] or AMP, which greatly resemble each other but have completely different functions. ATP transports energy around the cell, and AMP is part of RNA and the genetic apparatus. Dyson proposed that in a primitive early cell containing ATP and AMP, RNA and replication came into existence only because of the similarity between AMP and RNA. He suggested that AMP was produced when ATP molecules lost two of their phosphate radicals, and then one cell somewhere performed [[Manfred Eigen|Eigen]]'s experiment and produced RNA.{{sfn|Schewe|2014|pp=222–223}}

There is no direct evidence for the dual origin theory, because once genes developed, they took over, obliterating all traces of the earlier forms of life. In the first origin, the cells were probably just drops of water held together by surface tension, teeming with enzymes and chemical reactions, and having a primitive kind of growth or replication. When the liquid drop became too big, it split into two drops. Many complex molecules formed in these "little city economies" and the probability that genes would eventually develop in them was much greater than in the prebiotic environment.{{sfn|Dyson|1985|p=}}
[[File:Dyson rings.PNG|thumb|Artist's concept of Dyson rings, forming a stable [[Dyson swarm]], or "Dyson sphere"]]