Editing Foreign relations of Venezuela (section)

===Asia===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->|| {{main|Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started--> 28 June 1974|| {{main|China-Venezuela relations}}
[[File:Belt and Road Initiative participant map.svg|thumb|250px|Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].]]
In 2008 the governments of Venezuela and the [[People's Republic of China]] launched their first joint space satellite, named [[Venesat-1]]. Venezuela's leader Hugo Chávez said the satellite would be a tool of [[regional integration|integration]] for Latin America and the Caribbean regions by saying "This satellite is not for us but for the people of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is a further step towards independence", he said, adding that the project would break the mold of "technological illiteracy."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hxki0JZy9g4ZvLf1CyQ0Yogp8qzQ |title=Venezuela launches first satellite with Chinese technology |date=30 October 2008 |agency=Agence France-Presse |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908074115/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hxki0JZy9g4ZvLf1CyQ0Yogp8qzQ |archive-date=8 September 2010  }}</ref> In 2009, China entered into a partnership with Venezuela to launch a [[railway company]] in Venezuela which will be 40% controlled by the [[China Railways Engineering Corporation]] (CREC) and the remainder by Venezuela. Venezuela outlined the role of the venture as one which would link Venezuela's oil producing regions and agricultural farming areas<ref>{{cite news | url=https://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFN3034671820090730 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904031037/http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFN3034671820090730 | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 September 2015 |title=China and Venezuela sign $7.5 bln railway deal |date=30 July 2009 |access-date=31 July 2009 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

Also established are military-technological ties with the acquisition of two squadrons (24) of Chinese-built [[Karakorum-8]] trainer jets and ground radars, signalling a greater Chinese involvement in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tim Johnson |url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/52959.html |title='Maoist' Chavez nurtures Venezuelan ties with China on visit |publisher=McClatchy |date=23 September 2008 |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226105006/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/52959.html |archive-date=26 February 2009  }}</ref> Oil exports to China are set to increase substantially.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1229348.stm | work=BBC News | title=Timeline: Venezuela | date=11 January 2010 | access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> In September 2008 Venezuela signed a series of energy co-operation deals with China with the [[President of Venezuela]] stating that oil exports could rise threefold by 2012, to one million barrels a day.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7634871.stm | work=BBC News | title=Venezuela signs Chinese oil deal | date=25 September 2008 | access-date=2 May 2010 | first=Warren | last=Bull}}</ref>

In February 2009 Venezuela and China agreed to double their joint [[investment fund]] to $12 billion and signed agreements to boost co-operation which include increasing oil exports from Venezuela, China's fourth biggest oil provider. An oil refinery is planned to be built in China to handle Venezuelan heavy crude from the [[Orinoco Delta|Orinoco basin]]. "It is part of a strategic alliance" Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez said, after meeting the visiting Chinese Vice President [[Xi Jinping]] who stated that "our co-operation is highly beneficial".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7898809.stm | work=BBC News | title=China and Venezuela boost links | date=19 February 2009 | access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> In September 2009 Venezuela announced a new $16bn deal with China to drill for oil in a joint venture with [[PDVSA]] to produce {{convert|450000|oilbbl/d}} of extra heavy crude. Hugo Chávez stated that "In addition, there will be a flood of technology into the country, with China going to build [[drilling platform]]s, [[oil platform|oil rigs]], railroads, houses."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2009/09/200991741755683835.html |title=Venezuela-China sign $16bn oil deal |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=17 September 2009 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

When Hugo Chávez came to power, trade with China had peaked under $200mn but since then it has jumped to nearly $10bn. Chinese officials say that Venezuela has now become the biggest recipient of its investments in Latin America. Venezuela has also embarked on a programme of cultural and scientific exchange with China.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dima Khatib |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/chinabuystheworld/2009/08/20098125223767930.html |title=Chavez's 'historic' China strategy  |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=15 July 2009 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||<!--Date started-->|| 
Georgia does not maintain formal diplomatic relations with Venezuela, since Venezuela recognises Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent countries.<ref>{{Cite news  | title = Venezuela recognizes Abkhazia, South Ossetia as independent states| newspaper = China View| location = Moscow| publisher = Xinhua News Agency | date = 10 September 2009| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/10/content_12030863.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121102191932/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/10/content_12030863.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 November 2012 | access-date = 5 July 2010}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started--> 1 October 1959|| {{main|India–Venezuela relations}}
India's country run ONGC Videsh Limited oil and gas exploration and production company helped certify heavy oil reserves in the Orinoco river belt.<ref name="The World Reporter">{{cite web |url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2013/03/hugo-chavez-foreign-relations-and-policies.html |title=Hugo Chavez's Foreign Policies and International Relations |date=10 March 2013 |publisher=The World Reporter |access-date=10 March 2013 |archive-date=13 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313101225/http://www.theworldreporter.com/2013/03/hugo-chavez-foreign-relations-and-policies.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/25/stories/2006112502871100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205125020/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/25/stories/2006112502871100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2008 |title=India and Venezuela: a success story |access-date=25 November 2006 |location=Chennai, India |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 November 2006}}</ref> In the year 2010, A consortium led by Indian state-owned oil companies also won a global bid to claim 40% stake in an important oil block in Venezuela, giving India the capability of producing 400,000 barrels of crude oil per day in its peak time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-12/news/27579178_1_oil-block-carabobo-1-junin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312042743/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-12/news/27579178_1_oil-block-carabobo-1-junin |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2013 |title=OVL team bags 40% in Venezuela oil block |publisher= The Economics Time |access-date=12 February 2010 |date=12 February 2010}}</ref>

Diplomatic relations between India and Venezuela were established on 1 October 1959.<ref name="Embassy of Venezuela">{{cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.embaveneindia.com/|website=Embassy of Venezuela, New Delhi|access-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111065032/http://embaveneindia.com/|archive-date=11 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> India maintains an embassy in [[Caracas]], while Venezuela maintains an embassy in [[New Delhi]].

There have been several visits by heads of state and government, and other high-level officials between the countries. President [[Hugo Chávez]] visited New Delhi on 4–7 March 2005.<ref name="Embassy of Venezuela"/> Chávez met with Indian President [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] and Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]. The two countries signed six agreements including one to establish a joint commission to promote bilateral relations and another on cooperation in the hydrocarbon sector. Foreign Minister [[Nicolás Maduro]] visited India to attend the First Meeting of the India-CELAC Troika Foreign Ministers meeting in New Delhi on 7 August 2012.<ref name="MEA2016">{{cite web|title=India-Venezuela Relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Venezuela_July_2016.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=8 January 2017|date=July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113021153/http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Venezuela_July_2016.pdf|archive-date=13 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Election Commission of India (ECI) and the National Electoral Council (CNE) of Venezuela signed an MoU during a visit by Indian Election Commissioner V S Sampath to Caracas in 2012. Minister of State for Corporate Affairs visited Venezuela to attend the state funeral of President Chávez in March 2013.<ref name="MEA2016"/> The President and Prime Minister of India expressed condolences on the death of Chávez. The [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of Parliament, observed a minute's silence to mark his death. Ambassador Smita Purushottam represented India at the swearing-in ceremony of Chávez's successor Nicolás Maduro on 19 April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=India – Venezuela Relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryQuickLink/706_Bilateral_Brief_1_August_2013.pdf|website=Embassy of India, Caracas|access-date=8 January 2017|date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511181402/http://mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryQuickLink/706_Bilateral_Brief_1_August_2013.pdf|archive-date=11 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Citizens of Venezuela are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref name="MEA2016"/><ref>{{cite web|title=ITEC|url=http://www.embindia.org/eoi.php?id=ITEC|website=Embassy of India, Caracas|access-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108192305/http://www.embindia.org/eoi.php?id=ITEC|archive-date=8 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

India's pharmaceutical major, Cipla has 120 medications approved to market in Venezuela, and made nearly $15 million in revenue the year 2006.<ref name="The World Reporter"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started--> 10 October 1959|| {{main|Indonesia–Venezuela relations}}

On 12 August 2000, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez visited Jakarta and paid courtesy call to Indonesian president [[Abdurrahman Wahid]]. Subsequently, in the next month on 26–28 September 2000 Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid visited Caracas to attend the OPEC summit, and paid a courtesy call to Hugo Chávez.<ref name="Merdeka">{{cite web
| title = Kisah keakraban antara Gus Dur dan Hugo Chavez
| url = http://www.merdeka.com/foto/khas/161098/kisah-keakraban-antara-gus-dur-dan-hugo-chavez-006-iqbal-s-nugroho.html
| work = Photos
| language = id
| publisher= Merdeka.com
| access-date =16 June 2013 }}</ref> Venezuela has donated US$2 million for the relief effort promptly after [[2004 tsunami|the tsunami devastated Aceh in 2004]]. Venezuela also promoted education in Aceh by establishing Institute of Polytechnic of Venezuela-Indonesia in Aceh inaugurated in 2009.<ref name="JakartaPost1">{{cite news
| title = Venezuela, RI celebrate 50 years of friendly ties
| url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/03/venezuela-ri-celebrate-50-years-friendly-ties.html
| author = Veeramalla Anjaiah
| date = 3 July 2009 <!-- , 3:02 PM
 --> | newspaper= The Jakarta Post
| access-date =16 June 2013 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||<!--Date started-->|| {{main|Iran–Venezuela relations}}

The presidents of Venezuela and Iran in 2009, President Hugo Chávez and President [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad|Ahmadinejad]], respectively, both described themselves on the world stage as opposed to US [[imperialism]]. Citing this commonality of opinion, they regarded each other as allies, and they embarked on a number of initiatives together. For example, on 6 January 2007, the two announced that they would use some money from a previously-announced $2bn joint fund to invest in other countries that were "attempting to liberate themselves from the imperialist yoke", in Chávez's words.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-01-14-iran-venezuela_x.htm |title=Iran and Venezuela plan anti-U.S. fund |author=Pearson, Natalie Obiko |agency=Associated Press |date=14 January 2007 |work=USA Today |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||<!--Date started-->September 1952
'''(suspended 2009)'''
|{{main|Israel–Venezuela relations}}

Israel-Venezuela relations were historically strong, but have soured under the leadership of [[List of Presidents of Venezuela|President]] Hugo Chávez. In 2006, Israel-Venezuela relations deteriorated further with regards to the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]], and also due to [[Foreign policy of Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chávez's foreign policy relating to Iran]] and Israel's political opposition to it. Chávez also positioned himself on the world stage as opposed to [[American foreign policy]] — the US and Israel are partners in defense and international relations, specifically relating to the Middle East. In the wake of the [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]], Venezuela has broken all diplomatic ties with the state of Israel, condemning its actions.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Venezuela voted in favor of Israeli membership in the [[United Nations]] on 27 November 1947 and established diplomatic ties. During the [[Six-Day War]] many Venezuelan Jews went to Israel to fight for Israel.<ref name=Krusch>Krusch, David. [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/venezuela.html The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Venezuela.] [[Jewish Virtual Library]]. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved 13 August 2006.</ref>

When the [[United Nations]] passed [[UN General Assembly Resolution 3379|General Assembly Resolution 3379]] on 10 November 1975, "determin[ing] that [[Zionism]] is a form of [[racism]] and racial discrimination", Venezuela abstained.<ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/761c1063530766a7052566a2005b74d1!OpenDocument Resolution adopted by the General Assembly: 3379 (XXX). Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination.]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201182002/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/761c1063530766a7052566a2005b74d1%21OpenDocument |date=1 February 2009 }} United Nations, 10 November 1975.  Accessed 13 August 2006.</ref> The resolution was later revoked.
Israeli Foreign Minister [[Shimon Peres]] visited Caracas in January 1995, during the second [[Rafael Caldera|Caldera administration]], to "cement ties with friendly countries, and to deepen cooperation in areas of mutual benefit".  Venezuela's Foreign Minister noted that "The reception that was given for Foreign Minister Peres was unprecedented."
<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1995-1996/Foreign%20Ministry%20Statement%20on%20visit%20of%20Foreign%20Min  Foreign Ministry Statement on visit of Foreign Minister Peres to Venezuela and Argentina.]  Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. '''15''':1995–1996, 15 January 1995.  Accessed 13 August 2006.</ref>

President Hugo Chávez broke off diplomatic ties and expelled the Israeli ambassador after the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|2008–2009 Gaza War]] which left around 1,200 Palestinians dead and over 5000 wounded.<ref>{{cite web |author2=Posted on: 5 August 2009 |url=http://www.cicweb.ca/scene/2009/08/canada-to-help-israel-with-visas-in-venezuela/ |title=Canada to Help Israel with Visas in Venezuela &#124; The Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs |first1=Laura |last1=Payton |publisher=Center for Jewish & Israeli Affairs |date=5 August 2009 |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927224635/http://www.cicweb.ca/scene/2009/08/canada-to-help-israel-with-visas-in-venezuela/ |archive-date=27 September 2011  }}</ref> On 27 April 2009, Venezuelan foreign minister [[Nicolás Maduro]] met with [[Palestinian National Authority]] foreign affairs minister [[Riyad al-Maliki]] in Caracas, where formal diplomatic relations were established between the two.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

In January 2019, Israel recognized opposition leader [[Juan Guaidó|Juan Guaido]] as interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/netanyahu-israel-will-recognize-venezuelan-opposition-leader-578826|title=Israel recognizes Juan Guaidó as Venezuelan leader, Netanyahu says|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|date=27 January 2019 }}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||<!--Date started-->|| {{main|Japan–Venezuela relations}}

In 1999, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez made a three-day trip to Japan. Japanese banks Marubeni and Mitsui loaned Venezuela $3.5 billion in 2007 to be repaid in oil. The Japan Bank for International Cooperation provided $1.89 billion in loans to support the banks.

Hugo Chávez made another two-day trip in 2009, during which he met Prime Minister [[Taro Aso]]. During the trip they agreed to cooperate on oil and gas developments and form a committee to study financing development and exploration. Japan and Venezuela signed a dozen other accords as part of Chávez's visit.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=aAcqprliH_Pc | publisher=Bloomberg | title=Japan, Venezuela to Cooperate on Oil, Gas Projects (Update3) | date=6 April 2009 |first1=Takashi| last1=Hirokawa|first2=Shigeru|last2=Sat |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

In February 2019, Japan recognized Venezuelan opposition leader [[Juan Guaidó]] as Venezuela's legitimate president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/japan-recognizes-guaido-as-venezuelan-president/1397263|title=Japan recognizes Guaido as Venezuelan president|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->18 December 1986|| {{main|Malaysia–Venezuela relations}}

Malaysia has had an embassy in Caracas since 1990,<ref name=my>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/caracas/profile |title=Profile |work=Embassy of Malaysia, Caracas |access-date=13 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424092916/http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/caracas/profile |archive-date=24 April 2009 }}</ref> while Venezuela has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. Diplomatic relations were established 18 December 1986.<ref name=my/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Myanmar}}||<!--Date started-->||{{main|Myanmar–Venezuela relations}}
Myanmar and Venezuela have diplomatic relations. The Ambassador of Venezuela in [[Vietnam]] is accredited to Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.mm/?p=11223|title=Myanmar has agreed to the appointment of Mr. Jorge Rondón Uzcátegui as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the Republic of the Union of Myanmar|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar|date= 9 March 2018|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nepal}}||<!--Date started-->28 April 1987||
Nepal and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1987. The Ambassador of Venezuela in [[India]] is accredited to Nepal. The Embassy of Nepal in [[Brasília]] is currently accredited to Venezuela<ref>{{cite web |date=August 2020 |title=Nepal – Venezuela Relations |url=https://bilateralnavigator.com/Philippines-Venezuela |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea}}||1974|| {{main|North Korea–Venezuela relations}}

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Philippines}}||<!--Date started-->27 August 1968|| {{main|Philippines–Venezuela relations}}

Venezuela and the [[Philippines]] share a [[Hispanidad|Hispanic heritage]] and relations between the two countries has been warm and friendly since it formal establishment of ties on 27 August 1968. Venezuela has an embassy in Manila and the Philippines has an embassy in Caracas.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=Closer relations between RP, Venezuela &#124; Manila Bulletin |url=https://bilateralnavigator.com/Philippines-Venezuela |access-date=2 June 2012 |publisher=Mb.com.ph}}</ref>

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez made a state visit in the Philippines in 1999 and signed the RP-Venezuela Memorandum of Understanding on Tourism Cooperation and a Memorandum of Understanding on Trade and Investment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/265188/venezuela-celebrates-independence-day |title=Venezuela celebrates Independence Day &#124; Manila Bulletin |publisher=Mb.com.ph |date=4 July 2010 |access-date=2 June 2012 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Venezuela is the Philippines' 5th largest trading partner in South America with Philippine exports increasing to 38 million dollars in 2004, compared to just 1.6 million dollars of 2003. The Philippines is willing to work with Venezuela in both energy and power industries.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||<!--Date started-->29 April 1965||{{main|South Korea–Venezuela relations}}
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela began on 29 April 1965.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24569.jsp?menu=m_30_30 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |website=www.mofa.go.kr |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122012151/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24569.jsp?menu=m_30_30 |archive-date=22 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Taiwan}}||<!--Date started-->|| {{main|Taiwan-Venezuela relations}}

Relations have almost been nonexistent since Venezuela recognized the People's Republic of China in 1974, although unofficial relations have been preserved through a [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office]] in Caracas. In the 2000s, increasing partnership between the government of the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and People's Republic of China has led to a more overt rejection of the [[Republic of China]]'s [[Legitimacy (political science)|legitimacy]] by Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://en.people.cn/200503/16/eng20050316_177005.html |title = Int'l community supports China's adoption of anti-secession law |website = People's Daily Online |access-date = 13 July 2021 |archive-date = 13 July 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210713122713/http://en.people.cn/200503/16/eng20050316_177005.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> Taipei Commercial Office in [[Bogotá]], Colombia is currently accredited to Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.boca.gov.tw/sp-foof-countrycp-03-205-20209-03-1.html |title = 駐館位置及聯絡方式 |date = 10 July 2017 |publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan<!--|access-date = 2017-12-18 |archive-date = 2018-01-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073909/https://www.boca.gov.tw/sp-foof-countrycp-03-205-20209-03-1.html |url-status = live-->}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->1950<ref name="auto78">{{Cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-venezuela.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Venezuela}}</ref>|| {{main|Turkey–Venezuela relations}}
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Caracas]] and an Honorary Consulate in [[Maracaibo]].
* Venezuela has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a Consulate General in [[Istanbul]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 150 million USD USD in 2019 (Venezuelan exports/imports: 20/130 million USD.<ref name="auto78"/>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|Vietnam}}||<!--Date started-->1989|| {{main|Venezuela–Vietnam relations}}

Vietnam and Venezuela set up diplomatic ties in 1989. Since 2006 Vietnam has had an embassy in Caracas and Venezuela has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. Though bilateral trade was $11.7 million in 2007<ref name="ap-nam">{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkkCD4fkPFweyP2V8SDQJkGOFu8A |title=Vietnam president hails joint ties in Venezuela visit |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=19 November 2008 |access-date=31 July 2012 |archive-date=10 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310095109/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkkCD4fkPFweyP2V8SDQJkGOFu8A |url-status=dead }}</ref> relations show "great potential".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr040819114210/ns071219132542 |title=Vietnam – Venezuela Relations |publisher=Mofa.gov.vn |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716233824/https://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr040819114210/ns071219132542 |archive-date=16 July 2012  }}</ref> Over the past ten years, the two countries have witnessed new developments in various fields, including politics, economics, culture and society, particularly in the oil and gas industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090304081948 |title=Vietnam-Venezuela relations bear fruit |publisher=Mofa.gov.vn |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez visited Vietnam in 2006 and since then his government stepped up bilateral relations with the country, which also included receiving the Communist Party General Secretary, [[Nông Đức Mạnh]] in 2007. [[Petróleos de Venezuela]] and [[Petrovietnam]] also announced a number of joint projects following the 2006 visit, including Petrovietnam being given a concession in the [[Orinoco]] basin and an agreement to transport Venezuelan oil to Vietnam, where the two would together build an oil refinery that Vietnam lacks. On the 2006 visit Chávez praised Vietnam's "revolutionary" history as he attacked the United States for its "imperialist" crimes in the [[Vietnam War]]. On the 2008 visit Vietnamese President [[Nguyễn Minh Triết]] returned similar comments as he lauded a group of Venezuelans who captured a US soldier during the Vietnam War in an unsuccessful bid to prevent the execution of a Vietnamese revolutionary.<ref name="ap-nam"/> The two leaders also signed a deal for a $200 million joint fund and 15 cooperation projects.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jL1WR-f-SEhFKgCGZTgXb4LzG1hQ |title=AFP: Vietnam and Venezuela set up 200 million dollar joint fund |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=21 November 2008 |access-date=31 July 2012 |archive-date=10 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310025711/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jL1WR-f-SEhFKgCGZTgXb4LzG1hQ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

President Triết arrived in Caracas on 18 November 2008 for a two-day official visit on an invitation from Chávez.<ref>[http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/news/201108/domestic_p.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912011929/http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/news/201108/domestic_p.htm|date=12 September 2014}}</ref> Triết hailed Vietnam's friendship with Venezuela as he sought to focus on tying up oil and gas deals, including a joint development fund. He said that "We (Vietnamese) are grateful for the support and solidarity that they (Venezuelans) have offered us until now." Triet said.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In March 2008 an agreement was signed to cooperate in tourism between Vietnam and Venezuela. President Nguyễn Minh Triết received the PDVSA's Vice President Asdrúbal Chávez and stated that oil and gas cooperation would become a typical example of their multi-faceted cooperation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090810102937 |title=State President receives Venezuelan oil corp.'s vice president |publisher=Mofa.gov.vn |date=8 August 2009 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref> In 2009 the Venezuelan government approved $46.5 million for an agricultural development project with Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090330083057 |title=Venezuela, Vietnam cooperate in agriculture |publisher=Mofa.gov.vn |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>
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