Editing First Vatican Council (section)

=== Old Catholic schism ===
Following the council's decision, a minority of clergy and laity opposed to the newly proclaimed dogma united with the [[Jansenism|Jansenists]], which had maintained a somewhat precarious existence in separation from Rome since the 18th century but had preserved an episcopal succession recognized by Rome as [[Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)|valid though illicit]]. The first consecration of the new order was that of Joseph H. Reinkens, who was made bishop in Germany by a sympathetic Jansenist bishop [[Johannes Heykamp]] of [[Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht|Utrecht]]. Such new group referred to itself as the [[Old Catholic Church]] (or the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic Church]] in Switzerland). Old Catholics in Europe united into the [[Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)|Union of Utrecht]] in 1889, which entered into full communion with the [[Anglican Communion]] in 1931 through the [[Bonn Agreement (Christianity)|Bonn Agreement]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Old Catholic church |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Old-Catholic-church |access-date= |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref>

The Union of Utrecht still exists to this day and includes the [[Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands]], the [[Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany]], the [[Old Catholic Church of Austria]], the [[Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic]], the [[Polish-Catholic Church of the Republic of Poland]] and the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]]. The [[Union of Scranton]], formed by more theologically conservative Old Catholics, was formed in 2008 and currently includes the [[Polish National Catholic Church]] and the [[Nordic Catholic Church]].<ref name=":1" />