Editing Fine art (section)

==== Printmaking ====
[[File:Dürer Melancholia I.jpg|thumb|''[[Melencolia I]]'', 1514, [[engraving]] by [[Albrecht Dürer]]]]
{{Main|Printmaking}}
[[Printmaking]] covers the making of images on paper that can be reproduced multiple times by a [[printing]] process. It has been an important artistic medium for several centuries, in the West and East Asia. Major historic techniques include [[engraving]], [[woodcut]] and [[etching]] in the West, and [[woodblock printing]] in East Asia, where the Japanese [[ukiyo-e]] style is the most important. The 19th-century invention of [[lithography]] and then photographic techniques have partly replaced the historic techniques.  Older prints can be divided into the fine art [[Old Master print]] and [[popular print]]s, with book illustrations and other practical images such as maps somewhere in the middle.

Except in the case of [[monotyping]], the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each print is considered an original, as opposed to a copy. The reasoning behind this is that the print is not a reproduction of another [[work of art]] in a different medium – for instance, a painting – but rather an image designed from inception as a print. An individual print is also referred to as an impression. Prints are created from a single original surface, known technically as a [[Matrix (printing)|matrix]]. Common types of matrices include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for [[engraving]] or [[etching]]; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for [[linocut]]s and fabric in the case of [[screen-printing]]. But there are many other kinds.  Multiple nearly identical prints can be called an [[edition (printmaking)|edition]]. In modern times each print is often signed and numbered forming a "limited edition". Prints may also be published in book form, as [[artist's book]]s. A single print could be the product of one or multiple techniques.

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Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione - The Creation of Adam - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Monotype]] by the technique's inventor, [[Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione]], ''The Creation of Adam'', {{Circa|1642}}
Hokusai, The Underwave off Kanagawa.jpg|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]''; 1829–1833; color woodblock print;
En plein soleil LACMA M.84.279.3.jpg|''En plein soleil'', [[etching]] by [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler]], 1858
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec - Divan Japonais - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Divan Japonais (lithograph)|Divan Japonais]]''; by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]]; 1893–1894; Crayon, brush, spatter and transferred screen lithograph.
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