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===Categories=== Social manners are in three categories: (i) manners of [[hygiene]], (ii) manners of [[courtesy]], and (iii) manners of [[Norm (social)|cultural norm]]. Each category accounts for an aspect of the functional role that manners play in a society. The categories of manners are based upon the social outcome of behaviour, rather than upon the personal motivation of the behaviour. As a means of social management, the rules of etiquette encompass most aspects of human social interaction; thus, a rule of etiquette reflects an underlying [[ethical code]] and a person's [[fashion]] and [[social status]].<ref name="Revulsion" /> ;Manners of hygiene: concern avoiding the [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission of disease]], and usually are taught by the parent to the child by way of parental discipline, positive behavioural enforcement of body-fluid continence (toilet training), and the avoidance of and removal of [[disease vector]]s that risk the health of children. Society expects that by adulthood the manners for personal hygiene have become a second-nature behaviour, violations of which shall provoke physical and moral [[disgust]]. Hygiene etiquette during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] included [[social distancing]] and warnings against public [[spitting]].<ref>{{multiref2 |1={{Cite web|last=Caroline Davies|date=23 March 2020|title=Coronavirus outdoor etiquette: no spitting, and keep your distance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-outdoor-etiquette-no-spitting-and-keep-your-distance|website=The Guardian|language=en}} |2={{Cite web|title=New Jersey 2021 COVID-19 Youth Summer Camp Standards Guidelines|page=9|url=https://www.state.nj.us/health/legal/covid19/YouthSummerCampGuidance042821.pdf|website=[[New Jersey Department of Health]]}} }}</ref> ;Manners of courtesy: concern self-control and good-faith behaviour, by which a person gives priority to the interests of another person, and priority to the interests of a socio-cultural group, in order to be a trusted member of that group. Courtesy manners maximize the benefits of group-living by regulating the nature of social interactions; however, the performance of courtesy manners occasionally interferes with the avoidance of communicable disease. Generally, parents teach courtesy manners in the same way they teach hygiene manners, but the child also learns manners directly (by observing the behaviour of other people in their social interactions) and by imagined social interactions (through the [[executive functions]] of the brain). A child usually learns courtesy manners at an older age than when he or she was toilet trained (taught hygiene manners), because learning the manners of courtesy requires that the child be [[self-awareness|self-aware]] and conscious of [[social position]], which then facilitate understanding that violations (accidental or deliberate) of social courtesy will provoke peer disapproval within the social group. ;Manners of cultural norms: concern the social rules by which a person establishes his or her [[Identity (social science)|identity]] and membership in a given socio-cultural group. In abiding the manners of cultural norm, a person demarcates socio-cultural identity and establishes social boundaries, which then identify whom to trust and whom to distrust as 'the other'. Cultural norm manners are learnt through the enculturation with and the routinisation of 'the familiar', and through social exposure to the '[[Other (philosophy)|cultural otherness]]' of people identified as foreign to the group. Transgressions and flouting of the manners of cultural norm usually result in the [[social alienation]] of the transgressor. The nature of culture-norm manners allows a high level of intra-group variability, but the manners usually are common to the people who identify with the given socio-cultural group.<ref name="Revulsion" />
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