Editing Essex County, New Jersey (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1790= 17785
|1800= 22269
|1810= 25984
|1820= 30793
|1830= 41911
|1840= 44621 |1840n=*
|1850= 73950
|1860= 98877 |1860n=*
|1870=143839
|1880=189929
|1890=256098
|1900=359053
|1910=512886
|1920=652089
|1930=833513
|1940=837340
|1950=905949
|1960=923545
|1970=932526
|1980=851304
|1990=778206
|2000=793633
|2010=783969
|2020=863728
| estyear=2024
| estimate=881527
| estref=<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=PopEst>[https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2024/counties/totals/co-est2024-pop-34.xlsx Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024], [[United States Census Bureau]], released March 2025. Accessed March 15, 2025.</ref>
|footnote=Historical sources: 1790–1990<ref>Forstall, Richard L. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sezaSI_LPA8C&pg=PA108 ''Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 from the Twenty-one Decennial Censuses''], pp. 108–109. [[United States Census Bureau]], March 1996. {{ISBN|9780934213486}}. Accessed October 3, 2013.</ref><br />1970–2010<ref name=CPH232>[https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-32.pdf#page=32 ''New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts; 2010 Census of Population and Housing''], p. 6, CPH-2-32. [[United States Census Bureau]], August 2012. Accessed August 29, 2016.</ref> 2000<ref name=Census2000>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0500000US34013 DP-1 - Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Essex County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 6, 2012.</ref><ref name=Census2000DP1to4>{{Cite web |url=http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/05034013.pdfTables |title=DP-1 to DP-4 from Census 2000 for Essex County, New Jersey |access-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706162157/http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/05034013.pdfTables |url-status=bot: unknown }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of July 6, 2008. Accessed October 4, 2013.</ref> 2010<ref name=Census2010>[https://archive.today/20200212095427/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US34013 DP1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Essex County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed March 25, 2016.</ref> 2020<ref name=Census2020>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/essexcountynewjersey QuickFacts Essex County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed March 18, 2025.</ref><ref name=LWD2020>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref><br />* = Lost territory in previous decade.<ref name=Story/>
}}Based on data from the 2010 census, Essex County is the 14th-most densely populated county in the United States, and was ranked New Jersey's second-most densely populated after [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]], which ranked sixth most-densely populated in the nation at 13,731.4 per square mile as of 2010.<ref>Staff. [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/ "Census 2010 data show population and diversity trends"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005044145/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/|date=October 5, 2013}}, ''[[USA Today]]''. Accessed October 4, 2013. Click on "Population per Square Mile" to sort counties nationwide by descending population density."</ref> [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], with a population density of 11,458.3 people per square mile, is the largest municipality in the county both in terms of land area (24.19 square miles) and population (277,140), while [[Caldwell, New Jersey|Caldwell]] is the smallest in terms of land area (1.17 square miles) and [[Essex Fells, New Jersey|Essex Fells]] has the smallest population (2,113).<ref name="GCTPH1-2010">[https://archive.today/20200212201903/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US34013 GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County – County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Essex County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed June 6, 2012.</ref> Many of the county's smallest municipalities have population densities that are comparable to those of many big cities, and are well above the state's average which in turn is the highest in the nation.

Like many of the counties of [[North Jersey|Northern New Jersey]] near [[New York City]], which tend to have sharp divides between relatively rich suburban neighborhoods and less wealthy, more densely populated cities nearby, the eastern region of Essex County tends to be poorer and more urbanized, while the western parts tend to be more affluent and suburban. The wide area of '''Eastern Essex''' has significant pockets of high population, high building density, high poverty, and high crime rates. Within this general area, however, are numerous areas composed of safe, mixed and middle-income neighborhoods of diverse populations. For example, north and west sides of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] have well-kept suburban areas such as [[Vailsburg, Newark|Vailsburg]] and [[Forest Hill, Newark, New Jersey|Forest Hill]]. The east side of Newark is the [[Ironbound]], a working-class [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] community. [[East Orange, New Jersey|East Orange]] is home to the Presidential Estate neighborhood, a well-kept area of large, pre-war, single-family homes. [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]] and [[Bloomfield, New Jersey|Bloomfield]] are suburbs with historic [[Italians|Italian]] communities that, in spite of retaining a core Italian-American population, now have many immigrants from [[Latin America]] and [[Asia]]. As of the 2000 Census, 36% of [[Nutley, New Jersey|Nutley]] residents indicated that they were of Italian ancestry, the 12th-highest of any municipality in the nation and third-highest in [[New Jersey]].<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Italian.html Italian Communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512200911/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Italian.html|date=May 12, 2007}}, [[EPodunk]]. Accessed October 4, 2013.</ref>

Beginning at about the turn of the 20th century, Essex County led the state in the rebuilding and rehab of its housing stock. In the 2000s, Newark led the state in the issuance of building permits. Many reasons were cited: citywide incentives to encourage construction development, an improving local economy, the rising demand of low-cost housing so close to Manhattan. Newark has since then become one of the fastest-growing cities in the entire Northeast,<ref>[[Sam Roberts (newspaper journalist)|Roberts, Sam]].  [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/28/us/28census.html "Biggest Urban Growth Is in South and West"], June 28, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20200212045247/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US3451000&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=newark,+nj&_cityTown=newark,+nj&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry= Census data for Newark, New Jersey], accessed November 14, 2006</ref> and reported a gain in median income and drop in poverty rate.<ref>[https://archive.today/20200212050713/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=16000US3451000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US34%7C16000US3451000&_street=&_county=newark&_cityTown=newark&_state=04000US34&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2006_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry= Newark city, New Jersey – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder]</ref> This is a turnaround from the deterioration and abandonment experienced in the post-riot 1970s, 1980s and early part of the 1990s.

Crime in this part of the county has traditionally been among the highest in the state and the country as well, but recently has also seen significant declines, mirroring its large neighbor to the east, New York City.<ref name="Ledger2007">Wang, Katie. [http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/essex/index.ssf?/base/news-4/119259664868040.xml&coll=1 "County reports largest drop is in violent crime"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', October 17, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007. "For the second year in a row, overall crime in Essex County dropped by 10 percent, according to the annual crime statistics released by the State Police yesterday. The county saw the biggest drops in violent crime in 2006, particularly in robberies and aggravated assaults. Those incidents dropped by 6 percent and 7 percent respectively."</ref> By 2006, crime in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] had fallen 60% over the previous decade to its lowest levels in 40 years.<ref>[http://www.delmar.edu/socsci/rlong/crime/city.htm Total Crime Rate for US Cities, 1995: Population 40,000+], accessed November 14, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.njsp.org/info/ucr2005/pdf/2005-sect-6.pdf Crime in the Cities], [[New Jersey State Police]]. Accessed November 14, 2006</ref> Neighboring East Orange has also experienced a decline in crimes, dropping 50% in the three years (2005 to 2007).<ref>Jones, Richard G. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/29/nyregion/29east.html?fta=y "The Crime Rate Drops, and a City Credits Its Embrace of Surveillance Technology"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 29, 2007. Accessed November 11, 2007.</ref> While crime rates have fallen significantly in these cities in recent years, they nonetheless remain high here compared to national crime statistics, as well as [[Irvington, New Jersey|Irvington]], and [[Orange, New Jersey|Orange]]. In 2008, Newark had 67 homicides, down from 105 in 2007 and the record of 161 murders set in 1981.<ref name="Ledger2007" /><ref>Lueck, Thomas J. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/08/nyregion/08newark.html "As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 8, 2007. Accessed October 6, 2007. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995."</ref>

In contrast, '''Western Essex''' tends to be more suburban and affluent. Within this region are some of the most diverse and racially integrated municipalities in the state and nation, including [[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]], [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]], [[South Orange, New Jersey|South Orange]] and [[Maplewood, New Jersey|Maplewood]]. Many of these municipalities are well-known magnets for people moving from New York City, such as [[Glen Ridge, New Jersey|Glen Ridge]], [[Montclair, New Jersey|Montclair]], [[Verona, New Jersey|Verona]], [[Cedar Grove, New Jersey|Cedar Grove]], [[South Orange, New Jersey|South Orange]] and [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]]. The communities of [[Livingston, New Jersey|Livingston]], [[West Caldwell, New Jersey|West Caldwell]], South Orange, Maplewood, [[Millburn, New Jersey|Millburn]], [[North Caldwell, New Jersey|North Caldwell]], and [[Essex Fells, New Jersey|Essex Fells]] are some of the wealthiest towns in the county. [[Short Hills, New Jersey|Short Hills]] (in Millburn), South Orange, West Orange, and Livingston have large [[Jews|Jewish]] communities. Short Hills has a popular upscale shopping mall, [[The Mall at Short Hills]] located near affluent communities in [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris]] and [[Union County, New Jersey|Union]] counties.<ref>[http://www.shopshorthills.com/about_us About Us], [[The Mall at Short Hills]]. Accessed May 10, 2015.</ref>

As the poorest place in the county, [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] has a median household income of $33,025 and a per capita income of $17,198;<ref>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newarkcitynewjersey/PST045217 "Census.gov"]. Accessed June 11, 2018.</ref> at the other extreme, [[Essex Fells, New Jersey|Essex Fells]], one of the wealthier places in the county and the 4th wealthiest municipality in the state, has a median household income of $174,432 and a per capita income of $89,316.<ref>[https://www.census.gov "Census.gov"]. Accessed June 11, 2018.</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

===2020 census===
{{Expand section|examples with reliable citations|date=September 2021}}

===2010 census===
The [[2010 United States census]] counted 783,969 people, 283,712 households, and 189,236 families in the county. The [[population density]] was 6,211.5 per square mile (2,398.3/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 312,954 housing units at an average density of 2,479.6 per square mile (957.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup was 42.59% (333,868) [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 40.88% (320,479) [[Black (U.S. census)|Black or African American]], 0.39% (3,056) [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 4.57% (35,789) [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.04% (286) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 8.38% (65,687) from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census#Race|other races]], and 3.16% (24,804) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. census)|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 20.30% (159,117) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 283,712 households, 33.2% had children under the age of 18; 40.1% were married couples living together; 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 33.3% were non-families. Of all households, 27.7% were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.29.<ref name=Census2010/>

24.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.6 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The [[non-Hispanic white]] population was 33.2%.

The county had 76,200 [[American Jews|Jewish]] residents according to the 2002 results of the [[National Jewish Population Survey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishdatabank.org/AJYB/AJY-2003.pdf |title=Jewish Population in the United States, 2002 |access-date=November 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213005033/http://www.jewishdatabank.org/AJYB/AJY-2003.pdf |archive-date=February 13, 2006 }}, [[National Jewish Population Survey]]. Accessed May 11, 2006.</ref>