Editing Enoch (section)

==In Christianity==
[[File:Spas na Ilyine - Patriarch Enoch.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Patriarch Enoch, a [[fresco]] by [[Theophanes the Greek]], 14th century.]]

===New Testament===
The New Testament contains three references to Enoch.
*The first is a brief mention in one of the genealogies of the ancestors of Jesus in the [[Gospel of Luke]]. (Luke 3:37).
*The second mention is in the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] which says, "By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God." (Hebrews 11:5 KJV). This suggests he did not experience the mortal death ascribed to Adam's other descendants, which is consistent with Genesis 5:24 KJV, which says, "And Enoch walked with God: and he ''[was]'' not; for God took him."
*The third mention is in the [[Epistle of Jude]] (1:14–15) where the author attributes to "Enoch, the Seventh from Adam" a passage not found in Catholic and Protestant canons of the Old Testament. The quotation is believed by most modern scholars to be taken from [[Book of Enoch|1 Enoch]] 1:9 which exists in Greek, in Ge'ez (as part of the Ethiopian Orthodox canon), and also in Aramaic among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]].<ref>4Q Enoch (4Q204[4QENAR]) COL I 16–18</ref><ref>Clontz, T.E. and J., "The Comprehensive New Testament with complete textual variant mapping and references for the Dead Sea Scrolls, Philo, Josephus, Nag Hammadi Library, Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha, Plato, Egyptian Book of the Dead, Talmud, Old Testament, Patristic Writings, Dhammapada, Tacitus, Epic of Gilgamesh", Cornerstone Publications, 2008, p. 711, {{ISBN|978-0-9778737-1-5}}</ref> The same scholars recognise that 1 Enoch 1:9 itself is a [[midrash]] of Deuteronomy 33:2.<ref>"The initial oracle in chapters 1–5 is a paraphrase of part of Deuteronomy 33,24" George W. E. Nickelsburg, The nature and function of revelation 1 Enoch, Jubilees and some Qumranic documents, 1997</ref><ref>Lars Hartman, Asking for a Meaning: A Study of 1 Enoch 1–5 ConBib NT Series 12 Lund Gleerup, 1979 22–26.</ref><ref>George WE Nickelsburg & James C Vanderkam, 1 Enoch, Fortress 2001</ref><ref>R.H. Charles, The Book of Enoch, London SPCK, 1917</ref><ref>E. Isaac, 1 Enoch, a new Translation and Introduction in Old Testament Pseudepigrapha ed. Charlesworth, Doubleday 1983–85</ref>

The introductory phrase "Enoch, the Seventh from Adam" is also found in 1 Enoch (1 En. 60:8), though not in the Old Testament.<ref>Richard Bauckham ''Jude and the relatives of Jesus in the early church'' p206 etc.</ref> In the [[New Testament]] this Enoch prophesies "to"{{NoteTag|The use of dative ''toutois'' in the Greek text (προεφήτευσεν δὲ καὶ '''τούτοις''' instead of the normal genitive with προφητεύω prophēteuō ''peri auton'', "concerning them") has occasioned discussion among commentators including: Ben Witherington,<ref>Ben Witherington, ''Letters and Homilies for Jewish Christians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on Hebrews, James and Jude'': "who might be tempted to follow the teachers' example), nonetheless, Jude says that this prophecy refers '''to''' these (toutois) false teachers in Jude 14" p624</ref> John Twycross,<ref>John Twycross, ''The New Testament in the original Greek: with notes by C. Wordsworth'' His warning is addressed '''to''' them as well to those of his own and future ages. p140</ref> and Cox S.<ref>Cox S., ''Slandering Celestial Beings'' Hyderabad 2000 "..but instead Jude wrote proepheteusen toutois (verb + dative case pronoun plural) "prophesied TO these men".." p16</ref>}} ungodly men, that God shall come with His holy ones to judge and convict them ({{bibleverse-lb||Jude|1:14–15|}}).

===Influence in Christianity===
[[file:GundaGunde151Henoch1b.png|300px|thumb|right|Enoch (above right) in the ethiopic Enoch manuscript [[Gunda Gunde Monastery|Gunda Gunde]] 151, depicted as scribe ([[Geʽez]]: ጸሓፊ ''ṣaḥāfi''). On the left [[Elijah]] (above) and [[Elisha]] (bottom) are depicted, the other scribe (right bottom) is [[Ezra]].]]
The Book of Enoch was excluded from both the Hebrew Tanakh and the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint. It was not considered canon by either Jewish or early Christian readers. However, Church Fathers such as [[Justin Martyr]], [[Athenagoras of Athens]], [[Irenaeus]], [[Clement of Alexandria]], [[Origen]], [[Tertullian]], and [[Lactantius]] all speak highly of Enoch and contain many allusions to the Book of Enoch as well as in some instances advocating explicitly for the use of the Book of Enoch as Scripture.<ref>{{cite web|title=ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.iii.v.html?highlight=are,called,demons#highlight|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ANF02. Fathers of the Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, and Clement of Alexandria (Entire) - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf02.v.ii.xxiv.html|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vi.xxxvii.html?highlight=commingled#highlight|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=0150-0215 - Clemens Alexandrinus - Eclogae propheticae - Graecum Text - Lexicum Proprium seu 'Concordance'|url=http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/1004/1002/0150-0215,_Clemens_Alexandrinus,_Eclogae_propheticae,_MGR.html|website=www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.iv.iii.xxii.html?highlight=angels+who+fell#highlight|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ANF04. Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf04.vi.v.ii.iii.html?highlight=enoch#highlight|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref>

The letter of Jude's citation of the Book of Enoch as prophetic text encouraged acceptance and usage of the Book of Enoch in early Christian circles. The main themes of Enoch about the Watchers corrupting humanity were commonly mentioned in early literature. This positive treatment of the Book of Enoch was associated with [[millennialism]] which was popular in the early Church. When [[amillennialism]] began to be common in Christianity, the Book of Enoch, being incompatible with amillennialism, came to be widely rejected. After the split of the Oriental Orthodox Church from the Catholic Church in the 5th century, use of the Book of Enoch was limited primarily to the Oriental Orthodox Church. Eventually, the usage of the Book of Enoch became limited to Ethiopian circles of the Oriental Orthodox Church.

Another common element that some Church Fathers, like [[John of Damascus]], spoke of, was that they considered Enoch to be one of the [[two witnesses]] mentioned in the [[Book of Revelation]]. This view still has many supporters today in Christianity.

[[File:MHS Eliasz i Enoch XVII w p.jpg|thumb|upright|''Elijah and Enoch'' – seventeenth-century icon, Historic Museum in Sanok, Poland]]

===In Mormonism===
Among the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] and particularly in [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], Enoch is viewed as having founded an exceptionally righteous city, named [[Zion (Latter Day Saints)|Zion]], in the midst of an otherwise wicked world. This view is encountered in the [[standard works]], the ''[[Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)|Pearl of Great Price]]'' and the ''[[Doctrine and Covenants]]'', which states that not only Enoch, but the entire peoples of the city of Zion, were [[translation (Latter Day Saints)|taken off this earth without death]], because of their piety. (Zion is defined as "the pure in heart" and this city of Zion will return to the earth at the [[Second Coming]] of [[Jesus]].) The ''Doctrine and Covenants'' further states that Enoch prophesied that one of his descendants, [[Noah]], and his family, would survive a Great Flood and thus carry on the human race and preserve the Scripture. The [[Book of Moses]] in the ''Pearl of Great Price'' includes chapters that give an account of Enoch's preaching, visions, and conversations with God. They provide details concerning the wars, violence and natural disasters in Enoch's day, but also reference the miracles performed by Enoch.

The Book of Moses is itself an excerpt from [[Joseph Smith]]'s translation of the Bible, which is published in full, complete with these chapters concerning Enoch, by [[Community of Christ]], in the ''[[Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible]]'', where it appears as part of the Book of Genesis. D&C 104:24 (CofC) / {{lds||dc|107|48|49}} (LDS) states that Adam ordained Enoch to the higher priesthood (now called the [[priesthood of Melchizedek]], after the great king and high priest) at age 25, that he was 65 when Adam blessed him, and that he lived for an additional 365 years until he and his city were blessed, making Enoch 430 years old at the time that "he was not, for God took him" (Genesis 5:24).

Additionally in LDS theology, Enoch is implied to be the scribe who recorded [[Adam]]'s blessings and prophecies at [[Adam-ondi-Ahman]], as recorded in D&C {{lds||dc|107|53|57}} (LDS) / D&C 104:29b (CofC).