Editing English longbow (section)

==== Arrows ====
{{Main|arrow}}
A wide variety of arrows were shot from the English longbow. Variations in length, [[fletching]] and [[arrowhead|heads]] are all recorded. Perhaps the greatest diversity lies in hunting arrows, with varieties like broad-arrow, wolf-arrow, dog-arrow, Welsh arrow and Scottish arrow being recorded.{{sfn|Strickland|Hardy|2005|p=42}} War arrows were ordered in the thousands for medieval armies and navies, supplied in sheaves normally of 24 arrows.<ref>War arrows were often described as being a "clothyard" in length – the clothyard being the slightly longer physical measure from the fingertips to the nose, but with the head turned away from the fingertips. At the time of the Hundred Years' War archers drew the arrow back to the ear rather than to the chin.</ref> For example, between 1341 and 1359 the English crown is known to have obtained 51,350 sheaves (1,232,400 arrows).{{sfn|Wadge|2007|pp=160–161}}

Only one significant group of arrows, found at the wreck of the ''Mary Rose'', has survived. Over 3,500 arrows were found, mainly made of poplar but also of ash, beech and hazel. Analysis of the intact specimens shows their length to range from {{convert|61|to(-)|83|cm|in|order=flip}}, with an average of {{convert|76|cm|in|order=flip}}.{{sfn|Staff|2007|p=7}} Because of the preservation conditions of the ''Mary Rose'', no arrowheads survived. However, many heads have survived in other places, which has allowed typologies of arrowheads to be produced, the most modern being the Jessop typology.<ref>{{cite web |first=Oliver |last=Jessop |title=A New Artefact Typology for the Study of Medieval Arrowheads |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol40/40_192_205.pdf}}</ref> The most common arrowheads in military use were the short [[bodkin point]] (Jessop M10) and a small barbed arrow (Jessop M4).{{sfn|Wadge|2007|pp=184–185}}