Editing Edward IV (section)

===1471 to 1483===
[[File:Edward IV Plantagenet.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Edward IV {{Circa|1520}}, posthumous portrait from original {{Circa|1470}}–1475; it shows signs of the corpulence that affected him in later life]]

The last significant rebellion ended in February 1474 with the surrender of [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford]], who survived to command the Lancastrian army at [[Battle of Bosworth Field|Bosworth]] in 1485. Clarence was widely suspected of involvement, a factor in his eventual execution in the Tower on 18 February 1478; claims he was "drowned in a butt of [[Malmsey]] wine" appears to have been a joke by Edward, referring to his favourite drink.{{Sfn|Penn|2019|p=406}}

In 1475, Edward allied with Burgundy and declared war on France. With Duke Charles busy with the [[Siege of Neuss]], Louis opened negotiations. Soon after Edward landed at Calais, the two signed the [[Treaty of Picquigny]].{{Sfn|Penn|2019 |pp=364–365}} Edward received an immediate payment of 75,000 [[Crown (English coin)|crowns]], plus a yearly pension of 50,000 crowns, thus allowing him to recoup the costs of his army.{{Sfn|Hicks|2011|p=18}} In 1482, Edward backed an attempt to usurp the Scottish throne by [[Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany]], brother of [[James III of Scotland]]. Gloucester invaded Scotland and took the town of [[Edinburgh]], but not [[Edinburgh Castle]], where James was being held prisoner by his nobles. Albany switched sides and without siege equipment, the English army was forced to withdraw, with little to show for an expensive campaign, apart from the capture of [[Berwick Castle]].{{Sfn|Penn|2019|pp=434–435}}