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Ed White (astronaut)
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=== Aftermath === [[File:Apollo 1 fire.jpg|thumb|Charred remains of the Apollo 1 [[Apollo Command/Service Module|Command Module]], in which White was killed along with Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee]] The fire's ignition source was determined to be a spark that jumped from a wire on the far left of the spacecraft, under Grissom's seat.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/17338-apollo-1.html|title=Apollo 1: The Fatal Fire|last=Howell|first=Elizabeth|date=November 16, 2017|website=Space.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417221603/https://www.space.com/17338-apollo-1.html|archive-date=April 17, 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Their deaths were attributed to a wide range of lethal hazards in the early Apollo Command Module design: workmanship and conditions of the test, including the highly pressurized 100% oxygen pre-launch atmosphere, many wiring and plumbing flaws, flammable materials used in the cockpit and the astronauts' flight suits, and a hatch which could not be quickly opened in an emergency.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/find.html|title=Findings, Determinations And Recommendations|date=April 5, 1967|work=Report of Apollo 204 Review Board|publisher=NASA|quote=No single ignition source of the fire was conclusively identified.|access-date=March 7, 2011|archive-date=December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231023149/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/find.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the incident, these problems were fixed, and the Apollo program carried on successfully to reach its objective of landing men on the Moon.{{sfn|Brooks|Grimwood|Swenson|1979|pp=228β232}} White was buried with full [[military honors]] at [[West Point Cemetery]] while Grissom and Chaffee are both buried in [[Arlington National Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Cemetery/West%20Point%20Cemetery.pdf|title=West Point Cemetery|publisher=United States Military Academy West Point|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225231003/https://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Cemetery/West%20Point%20Cemetery.pdf|archive-date=February 25, 2014|access-date=January 25, 2018}}</ref> NASA officials attempted to pressure Patricia White, his widow, into allowing her husband also to be buried at Arlington, against what she knew to be his wishes; their efforts were foiled by astronaut [[Frank Borman]].{{sfn|Borman|Serling|1988|p=170}} Patricia received $100,000 from the life insurance portion of the contract the astronauts signed to give two publishing firms exclusive rights to the stories and photographs of the astronauts and their families. She also received $16,250 annually for the life of the contract.<ref>{{cite news|title=Widows Will Get $100,000 From Life Insurance|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12155840/apollo_1_as204_widows_receive/|date=January 29, 1967|newspaper=[[Bridgeport Sunday Post]]|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=July 5, 2017|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812055615/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12155840/apollo_1_as204_widows_receive/|archive-date=August 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Patricia later remarried and continued to reside in Houston. On September 6, 1983, she took her own life after surgery earlier in the year to remove a tumor.<ref>{{cite web |author=UPI |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/08/obituaries/widow-of-astronaut-is-dead.html |title=Pat White's obituary in New York Times |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 8, 1983 |access-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/moon/peopleevents/p_wives.html |title=NASA Wives and Families |publisher=Pbs.org |access-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref> White's younger brother James resolved to follow in his older brother's footsteps. He graduated from the Air Force Academy and became a fighter pilot. He set his sights on becoming a test pilot and then an astronaut. He thought that air combat experience would facilitate this, so he volunteered for service in the [[Vietnam War]]. While flying a combat mission on November 24, 1969, with [[357th Tactical Fighter Squadron]], he was killed when his aircraft crashed. Nearly half a century later his remains were identified, and they were buried adjacent to White's in West Point Cemetery on June 19, 2018.<ref name="brother"/>
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