Editing Ecumenical council (section)

===First seven ecumenical councils===
{{Main|First seven ecumenical councils}}
{{Location map many
| Turkey Marmara
| caption = Locations of six of the first seven ecumenical councils (all convened in modern-day [[Turkey]]).
| label1 = Nicaea (İznik)
| position1 = bottom
| coordinates1 = {{coord|40|25|44|N|29|43|10|E}}
| label2 = Constantinople (İstanbul)
| position2 = left
| coordinates2 = {{coord|41|00|50|N|28|57|20|E}}
| label3 = Chalcedon (Kadıköy)
| position3 = right
| coordinates3 = {{coord|40|59|28|N|29|01|34|E}}
}}
In the [[history of Christianity]], the first seven ecumenical councils, from the [[First Council of Nicaea]] (325) to the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] (787), represent an attempt to reach an [[orthodoxy|orthodox]] consensus and to unify [[Christendom]].

All of the original seven ecumenical councils as recognized in whole or in part were called by an emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire and all were held in the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]],<ref name= "books.google.com" /><ref name= "ReferenceA" /> a recognition denied to other councils similarly called by an Eastern Roman emperor and held in his territory, in particular the [[Council of Serdica]] (343), the [[Second Council of Ephesus]] (449) and the [[Council of Hieria]] (754), which saw themselves as ecumenical or were intended as such.

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# The [[First Council of Nicaea]] (325) repudiated [[Arianism]], declared that Christ is "[[Homoousion|homoousios]] with the Father" (of the same substance as the Father), and adopted the [[Nicene Creed#Original Nicene Creed of 325|original Nicene Creed]]; addressed the [[Quartodecimanism|Quartodeciman controversy]] by fixing the [[date of Easter]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/commissions/faith-and-order/i-unity-the-church-and-its-mission/frequently-asked-questions-about-the-date-of-easter|title=Frequently asked questions about the date of Easter — World Council of Churches|website=www.oikoumene.org|language=en|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320042436/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/commissions/faith-and-order/i-unity-the-church-and-its-mission/frequently-asked-questions-about-the-date-of-easter|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Moscow-Patriarchate-to-Pope:-On-Easter-a-gesture-of-goodwill,-but-we-will-not-overturn-old-traditions-34519.html|title=RUSSIA-VATICAN Moscow Patriarchate to Pope: On Easter a gesture of goodwill, but we will not overturn old traditions|last=AsiaNews.it|website=www.asianews.it|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401144342/http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Moscow-Patriarchate-to-Pope:-On-Easter-a-gesture-of-goodwill,-but-we-will-not-overturn-old-traditions-34519.html|url-status=live}}</ref> recognised authority of the [[Episcopal see|sees]] of Rome, Alexandria and Antioch outside their own [[Roman province|civil provinces]] and granted the see of Jerusalem a position of honour.
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# The [[First Council of Constantinople]] (381) repudiated [[Arianism]] and [[Pneumatomachi|Macedonianism]], declared that Christ is "born of the Father before all time", revised the [[Nicene Creed]] in regard to the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] and water baptism.
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# The [[Council of Ephesus]] (431) repudiated [[Nestorianism]], proclaimed the Virgin [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] as the [[Theotokos]] ("Birth-giver to God", "God-bearer", "Mother of God"), repudiated [[Pelagianism]], and reaffirmed the Nicene Creed.<br />''This and all the following councils in this list are not recognised by all of the [[Church of the East]].''
#* The [[Second Council of Ephesus]] (449) received [[Eutyches]] as orthodox based on his petition outlining his confession of faith. It also deposed [[Theodoret]] of Cyrrhus and [[Ibas of Edessa]], and condemned Ibas's Letter to "Maris the Persian" (possibly a misunderstood title, indicating as the receiver a certain Catholicus Dadyeshu, bishop of Ardashir/[[Ctesiphon]] between 421 and 456;<ref name="Kidd13">{{cite book |first= Beresford James |last= Kidd |title= Churches of Eastern Christendom |page= 43 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2013 |edition= reprint of 1927 first |isbn= 978-0-7103-1081-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tc5FAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref> this same letter later became one of the [[Three Chapter Controversy|Three Chapters]]).<br />''Though originally convened as an ecumenical council, this council is not recognised as ecumenical and is denounced as a ''Robber Council'' by the [[Chalcedonian]]s (Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestants).''
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# The [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451) repudiated the [[Eutyches|Eutychian]] doctrine of [[monophysitism]], and instead adopted the [[Chalcedonian Definition|Chalcedonian Creed]], which described the [[hypostatic union]] of the two natures of Christ, human and divine. It accordingly reinstated those deposed in 449 including Theodoret of Cyrus restored Ibas of Edessa to his see and declared him innocent upon reading his letter. It also deposed [[Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria|Dioscorus of Alexandria]], and elevated the bishoprics of Constantinople and Jerusalem to the status of patriarchates. This is also the last council explicitly recognised by the [[Anglican Communion]]. <br> ''This council is rejected by [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox churches]].''
#* The [[Third Council of Ephesus]] (475) ratified an encyclical of [[Emperor Basiliscus]] which repudiated the Council of Chalcedon and particularly the [[Tome of Leo]]. <br> ''This council is recognised only by Oriental Orthodox churches, but is not recognised by the Chalcedonians (Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestants). All the following councils in this list are rejected or at least not explicitly affirmed by Oriental Orthodox churches.''
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# The [[Second Council of Constantinople]] (553) repudiated the [[Three-Chapter Controversy|Three Chapters]] as Nestorian, condemned [[Origenism]], and decreed the [[theopaschite formula]].
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# The [[Third Council of Constantinople]] (680–681) repudiated [[monothelitism]] and [[monoenergism]].
#* The [[Quinisext Council]], also called Council in Trullo (692)<ref>The appellation "{{transliteration|grc|troullos}}" ({{langx|la|trullus}}, {{lit|dome}}) comes from a dome-roofed palace in Constantinople, where the council was hosted.</ref> addressed matters of discipline (in amendment to the 5th and 6th councils).<br>''The ecumenical status of this council was repudiated by the Western churches.''
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# The [[Second Council of Nicaea]] (787) restored the [[Iconodulism|veneration]] of [[icon]]s (condemned at the [[Council of Hieria]], 754) and repudiated [[Byzantine Iconoclasm|iconoclasm]].