Editing Economy of Kuwait (section)

===Reserve funds===
{{main|Kuwait Investment Authority}}
The [[Kuwait Investment Authority]] (KIA) is Kuwait's [[sovereign wealth fund]] specializing in foreign investment. The KIA is the world's oldest sovereign wealth fund. Since 1953, the Kuwaiti government has directed investments into Europe, United States and [[Asia Pacific]]. In 2021, the holdings were valued at around $700 billion in assets.<ref name="swf1"/> It was the [[Sovereign wealth fund#Largest sovereign wealth funds|3rd largest]] sovereign wealth fund in the world.<ref name="swf1">{{cite web|title=SWFI|url=https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund|date=16 July 2021|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=8 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508173939/https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg_swf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-02/kuwait-s-life-after-oil-fund-swells-to-a-record-700-billion|title=World's Oldest Wealth Fund Swells to Record and Cracks the Top 3|date=2 July 2021|website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126052253/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-02/kuwait-s-life-after-oil-fund-swells-to-a-record-700-billion|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KIA manages two funds: the General Reserve Fund (GRF) and Future Generations Fund (FGF).<ref name="kia">{{cite web|url=http://fletcher.tufts.edu/SWFI-OLD/~/media/Fletcher/Microsites/swfi/pdfs/2012/profiles/KIA%20Fund%20Profile_v2.pdf|title=Fund Profile: Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA)|pages=1–3|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226152729/https://fletcher.tufts.edu/SWFI-OLD/~/media/Fletcher/Microsites/swfi/pdfs/2012/profiles/KIA%20Fund%20Profile_v2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The GRF is the main treasurer for the government.<ref name=kia/> It receives all state revenues and all national expenditures are paid out of this fund.<ref name=kia/> The KIA does not disclose its financial assets in public, but it is estimated that the KIA has $410 billion in assets as of February 2014.

The KIA was the main source of capital for the Kuwaiti government during the [[Gulf War]]. The Kuwaiti government relied on the KIA to pay for coalition expenses and postwar reconstruction.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ideationcenter.com/ideation_research/ideation_article/vital_role_of_sovereign_wealth_funds_in_the_gcc
|title=The Vital Role of Sovereign Wealth Funds in the GCC's Future
|access-date=17 August 2014
|archive-date=19 August 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819091052/http://www.ideationcenter.com/ideation_research/ideation_article/vital_role_of_sovereign_wealth_funds_in_the_gcc
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The KIA was worth $100 billion prior to 1990, KIA funds were depleted to $40–$50 billion after the Gulf War.

In July 2023, Kuwait plans to create a new sovereign fund, Ciyada, in partnership with the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA). While the value of the fund has not been specified, the KIA, which currently manages over $800 billion in assets, will play a significant role in studying and implementing the proposed fund. The aim is to develop the local economy, attract foreign investment, and finance major projects to promote economic diversification in Kuwait.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Hagagy |first= Ahmed |date= 2023-07-16 |title= Kuwait to set up new sovereign fund to develop mega projects and local economy |language= en |work= Reuters |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/kuwait-set-up-new-sovereign-fund-develop-mega-projects-local-economy-2023-07-16/ |access-date= 2023-07-31 |archive-date= 31 July 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230731083812/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/kuwait-set-up-new-sovereign-fund-develop-mega-projects-local-economy-2023-07-16/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

;Future Generations Fund
The Future Generations Fund (FGF) was created in 1976 by transferring 50% from the general reserve fund at that time. The FGF is a saving funds for future generations. 25% of all state revenues are annually transferred to the fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ccsi.columbia.edu/files/2014/04/nrf_Kuwait_September2013_RWI_VCC.pdf|title=Kuwait's Future Generations Fund|pages=2|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102844/http://ccsi.columbia.edu/files/2014/04/nrf_Kuwait_September2013_RWI_VCC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

All of the FGF is invested abroad, with an estimated 75% invested in the US and [[Europe]] and the rest in emerging markets, mainly China and India.