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==Occurrence== [[Image:Xenotímio1.jpeg|thumb|Xenotime]] While dysprosium is never encountered as a free element, it is found in many [[mineral]]s, including [[xenotime]], [[fergusonite]], [[gadolinite]], [[euxenite]], [[polycrase]], [[blomstrandine]], [[monazite]] and [[bastnäsite]], often with [[erbium]] and [[holmium]] or other rare earth elements. No dysprosium-dominant mineral (that is, with dysprosium prevailing over other rare earths in the composition) has yet been found.<ref> {{cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/ |title=Mindat.org |author=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |date=1993–2018 |website=www.mindat.org |access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> In the high-[[yttrium]] version of these, dysprosium happens to be the most abundant of the heavy [[lanthanide]]s, comprising up to 7–8% of the concentrate (as compared to about 65% for yttrium).<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals|year = 2008|volume = 49|issue = 1|pages = 14–22|title = Review of the World Market of Rare-Earth Metals|first = A. V.|last = Naumov|url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227326809|doi=10.1007/s11981-008-1004-6| s2cid=135730387 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title = Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths|first = C. K.|last = Gupta|author2=Krishnamurthy N.|publisher = CRC Press|year = 2005|isbn = 978-0-415-33340-5|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F0Bte_XhzoAC}}</ref> The concentration of Dy in the Earth's crust is about 5.2 mg/kg and in sea water 0.9 ng/L.<ref name="patnaik">{{cite book|last =Patnaik|first =Pradyot|year = 2003|title =Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds|publisher = McGraw-Hill|pages = 289–290| isbn =978-0-07-049439-8|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA243|access-date = 2009-06-06}}</ref>
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