Editing Dub music (section)

==Musical impact==
===Influence of dub===
{{original research|section|date=October 2015}}
Yale professor Michael Veal described dub as "the sound of a society tearing itself apart at the seams". His book, "Starship Africa", says that the African diaspora is reflected in dub by the "extensive use of reverberation/delay devices and the fragmentation of the song surface"&nbsp;– he considers dub's use of reverb a "sonic metaphor for the condition of diaspora." Veal wrote that dub creators used echo and reverb to elicit memories of African culture in their listeners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Veal |first1=Michael |title=Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae |chapter=8: Starship Africa: The Acoustics of Diaspora and of the Postcolony |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0819565723}}</ref> King Tubby, Lee Perry, Erroll Thompson, Mad Professor, Jah Shaka, Denis Bovell and Linton Kwesi Johnson influenced rock musicians.
From the 1980s forward, dub has been influenced by, and has in turn influenced, [[techno music|techno]], [[Dubtronica|dubtronica/dub techno]], [[Oldschool jungle|jungle]], [[drum and bass]], [[dubstep]], [[house music]], [[punk rock|punk]] and [[post-punk]], [[trip hop]], [[ambient music]], and [[hip hop music|hip hop]], with electronic dub sound. Musicians and bands such as [[Culture Club]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00gw3v7 BBC Culture Club Dub] Retrieved 31 March 2021</ref> [[Bill Laswell]], [[Jah Wobble]], [[New Age Steppers]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/19299-creation-rebel-new-age-steppers-threat-to-creation/| title=Creation Rebel / New Age Steppers: Threat to Creation|work=[[Pitchfork Media]]|first=Miles|last=Raymer| accessdate=2 October 2014}}</ref> [[Public Image Ltd]], [[The Pop Group]], [[The Police]], [[Massive Attack]], [[The Clash]], [[Adrian Sherwood]], [[Killing Joke]],<ref>[https://www.loudersound.com/reviews/killing-joke-in-dub Louder Killing Joke: In Dub review] Retrieved 13 September 2021</ref> [[Bauhaus (band)|Bauhaus]] and others demonstrate clear dub influences in their respective genres, and their innovations have in turn influenced the mainstream of the dub genre.

In 1987, US grunge rock band [[Soundgarden]] released a dub version of the [[Ohio Players]]' song "Fopp" alongside a more traditional rock cover of the song.<ref>{{cite web| title=AllMusic ''Screaming Life/Fopp'' Review |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r18514|pure_url=yes}}|website=[[AllMusic]]|author=Erlewine, Stephen Thomas| accessdate=20 May 2009}}</ref> DJs appeared towards the end of the 1990s who specialised in playing music by these musicians, such as the UK's Unity Dub. In the UK, Europe, and America, independent record producers continue to produce dub. Before forming The Mars Volta, [[Cedric Bixler-Zavala|Cedric Bixler]], [[Omar Rodriguez-Lopez|Omar Rodriguez]] and other members, recorded a series of dub albums under the name [[De Facto (band)|De Facto]] since 1999.

===Influence of dub on punk and rock music===
Since the inception of dub in the late 1960s, its history has been intertwined with that of the [[punk rock]] scene in the UK. [[The Clash]] worked on collaborations involving Jamaican dub reggae creators like [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]] (whose "[[Police & Thieves]]", co-written with [[Junior Murvin]], was covered by the Clash on their first album) and [[Mikey Dread]] (on the [[Sandinista!]] album). As well, the English group Ruts DC, a post-Malcolm Owen incarnation of the legendary [[reggae]] influenced punk group [[The Ruts]], released ''Rhythm Collision Dub Volume 1'' (Roir session), with the expertise of the [[Mad Professor]]. Many punk rock bands In the U.S. were exposed to dub via the rasta punk band [[Bad Brains]] from [[Washington, D.C.]], which was established and released their most influential material during the 1980s. [[Blind Idiot God]] placed dub music alongside their faster and more intense [[noise rock]] tracks. Dub was adopted by some punk rock groups of the 90s, with bands such as [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] and [[NOFX]] writing original songs in a dub style.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/life-wont-wait-rancid-nearly-made-good-its-clash-i-213706|title=With Life Won't Wait, Rancid nearly made good on its Clash-inspired promise|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Often, bands considered to be [[ska punk]] play dub influenced songs; one of the first such bands to become popular was [[Sublime (band)|Sublime]], whose albums featured both dub originals and remixes. They went on to influence more recent American bands such as [[Rx Bandits]] and The [[Long Beach Dub Allstars]]. In addition, dub influenced some types of [[pop music|pop]], including bands such as [[No Doubt]]. No Doubt's fifth album, ''[[Rock Steady (album)|Rock Steady]]'', features an assortment of popular dub sounds like reverb and echoing. As noted by the band themselves, [[No Doubt]] is heavily influenced by Jamaican musical aesthetics and production techniques, even recording their ''Rock Steady'' album in [[Kingston, Jamaica]], and producing [[B-sides]] featuring dub influences on their ''[[Everything in Time]]'' B-sides album. Some controversy still exists on whether pop-ska bands like No Doubt can regard themselves as a part of dub lineage. Other bands followed in the footsteps of No Doubt, fusing pop-ska and dub influences, such as [[Save Ferris]] and Vincent.

There are also some British punk bands creating dub music. [[Capdown]] released their ''[[Civil Disobedients]]'' album, featuring the track "Dub No. 1", while [[Sonic Boom Six]] and [[The King Blues]] take heavy influences from dub, mixing the genre with original [[punk ideologies|punk]] ethics and attitudes. The [[post-punk]] band [[Public Image Ltd]], fronted by [[John Lydon]], formerly of [[Sex Pistols]], often use dub and reggae influenced bass lines in their music, especially in their earlier music through various bassists who were members of the group, such as [[Jah Wobble]] and [[Jonas Hellborg]]. Their track "[[Rise (Public Image Ltd song)|Rise]]", which reached No. 11 in the UK Chart in 1986 uses a dub/reggae influenced bass line.

The British post-punk band [[Bauhaus (band)|Bauhaus]] were highly influenced by dub music, so far that Bauhaus' bass player, [[David J]] mentioned that their signature song, "[[Bela Lugosi's Dead]]", "was our interpretation of dub".<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/vPrcW2vdLjQ Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190601042400/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPrcW2vdLjQ Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |title=40 Years of Bauhaus - An Interview with David J |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPrcW2vdLjQ |website=YouTube |publisher=Post-Punk.com |access-date=12 January 2021 |quote=David J: "We were very influenced by reggae, especially dub. I mean, basically [[Bela Lugosi's Dead|Bela]] was our interpretation of dub."}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/14/bauhaus-invent-goth |title=Bauhaus invent goth &#124; Music |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=2014-03-13 |access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref><ref name="AllMusic">{{cite web |url={{AllMusic|song|mt0009080553|pure_url=yes}} |title=Review of "Bela Lugosi's Dead" |last=Thompson |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Thompson (author) |website=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[All Media Guide]] |location=San Francisco |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126015455/http://www.allmusic.com/song/bela-lugosis-dead-mt0009080553 |archive-date=26 November 2012 |url-status=live |quote=From those basics, 'Bela Lugosi's Dead' crackles in on percussion alone, a tapping, rattling rhythm into which a three-note bass line only gradually intrudes itself before [[Daniel Ash|Ash]]'s treated guitar slides in, echoed and echoing the most atmospheric dub.}}</ref>

[[Shoegaze]] bands such as [[Ride (band)|Ride]] with their song "King Bullshit" and the intro to "Time Machine" have explored and experimented with dub. [[Slowdive]] also penned "Souvlaki Space Station" and their instrumental "Moussaka Chaos" as a testimony of dub influence, while the [[Kitchens of Distinction]] released "Anvil Dub".

[[Steve Hogarth]], singer with British rock band [[Marillion]], acknowledged the influence of dub on their 2001 album ''[[Anoraknophobia]]''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/1325340.stm | title= Marillion fans to the rescue | work=BBC News | date=2001-05-11}}</ref>

[[Al Cisneros]], founder and bassist of [[Doom Metal]] outfit [[Om (band)|OM]] has gone on record regarding the influence of Reggae and Dub on his bass playing style.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/al-cisneros-sleepom-when-im-stoned-its-readily-apparent-whether-a-rhythm-has-a-shelf-life-or-not | title=Al Cisneros (Sleep/OM): "When I'm stoned it's readily apparent whether a rhythm has a shelf-life or not" | work=musicradar.com |date=2019-09-11}}</ref>