Editing Dominator culture (section)

=== Historical and cultural manifestations ===

Author Malcolm Hollick cites [[Nazi Germany]], Stalinist Russia, and Islamic fundamentalist states as modern, though severe, examples of dominator societies.<ref name=":4" />{{Better source needed|date=June 2017}} The Nazi claim to power, for example, was also accompanied by the call for women's return to "traditional", or subservient, places in family structures. However, manifestations of dominator culture are not always so extreme; the effects of dominator culture often manifest in pervasive and subtle ways in society. In the United States, the [[War on Terror|wars on terror]], [[War on Drugs|drugs]], and [[War on crime|crime]] perpetuate the use of force to achieve an end and indicate a lessening of certain freedoms.<ref name=":4" />{{Better source needed|date=June 2017}} On a larger scale, sex-slavery, [[forced marriage]], and the acceptance of [[Domestic violence|wife-beating]] persist around the world. Though the Western world has made considerable strides towards a more partnership society in the past few centuries—Western society boasts of [[freedom of speech]], access to education, [[Public participation (decision making)|political participation]], [[LGBT rights by country or territory|gay rights]], and [[women in the workforce]]—the shift towards the partnership model is neither universal nor complete.

Similarly, dominator culture threatens the preservation of the environment. Hierarchical societies that value claiming control justify humans' claims of dominion over nature. McKenna expanded on Eisler's work, using the idea of dominator culture to illuminate the character of what he sees as Western patriarchal culture—indicating, for example, his claims that it perennially lacks social conscience and lacks concern for the environment. He argues that, "The entire structure of dominator culture ... is based upon our alienation from nature, from ourselves, and from each other."<ref name=":3" /> As a result, dominator culture not only accepts but justifies the pollution and destruction of the environment. [[Daniel Quinn]], a philosophical and environmental writer, takes on these issues in his novel ''[[Ishmael (Quinn novel)|Ishmael]]'', characterizing dominator culture as Taker culture and detailing its incompatibility with the environment.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ishmael|last=Quinn|first=Daniel|publisher=Bantam|year=1995|isbn=0553375407|location=New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ishmael00dani}}</ref>

The term has been used and expanded upon by other writers, such as{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}
* [[Carol J. Adams]] in ''[[The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory]]'' (1990)
* [[Fritjof Capra]] in ''[[The Turning Point (book)|The Turning Point]]'' (1982)
* [[Thom Hartmann]] in ''[[The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight]]'' (1999)
* [[Leonard Shlain]] in ''[[The Alphabet Versus the Goddess]]'' (1998)
* [[Starhawk]] in ''[[Dreaming the Dark]]'' (1982)
* [[bell hooks]] in ''Teaching Community: A Pedagogy of Hope'' (2003)
* [[Walter Wink]] in ''Engaging the Powers: Discernment and Resistance in a World of Domination'' (1992) and other books on the [[Myth of Redemptive Violence]]