Editing Distributed computing (section)

=== Cell-Based Architecture ===
Cell-based architecture is a distributed computing approach in which computational resources are organized into self-contained units called cells. Each cell operates independently, processing requests while maintaining scalability, fault isolation, and availability. <ref name=":22">{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Sam |title=Building Microservices |date=2015-02-20 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |isbn=978-1491950357}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Chris |title=Microservices patterns: with examples in Java |date=2019 |publisher=Manning Publications |isbn=978-1-61729-454-9 |location=Shelter Island, NY}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Christudas |first=Binildas |title=Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Event-Based Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud |date=2019 |publisher=Apress L. P |isbn=978-1-4842-4501-9 |location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref>

A cell typically consists of multiple services or application components and functions as an autonomous unit. Some implementations replicate entire sets of [[Microservices|services]] across multiple cells, while others partition workloads between cells. In replicated models, requests may be rerouted to an operational cell if another experiences a failure. This design is intended to enhance system resilience by reducing the impact of localized failures. <ref name=":23">{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Sam |title=Building Microservices |date=2015-02-20 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |isbn=978-1491950357}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Chris |title=Microservices patterns: with examples in Java |date=2019 |publisher=Manning Publications |isbn=978-1-61729-454-9 |location=Shelter Island, NY}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Christudas |first=Binildas |title=Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Event-Based Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud |date=2019 |publisher=Apress L. P |isbn=978-1-4842-4501-9 |location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref>

Some implementations employ [[Circuit breaker design pattern|circuit breakers]] within and between cells. Within a cell, circuit breakers may be used to prevent cascading failures among services, while inter-cell circuit breakers can isolate failing cells and redirect traffic to those that remain operational. <ref name=":24">{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Sam |title=Building Microservices |date=2015-02-20 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |isbn=978-1491950357}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Chris |title=Microservices patterns: with examples in Java |date=2019 |publisher=Manning Publications |isbn=978-1-61729-454-9 |location=Shelter Island, NY}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite book |last=Christudas |first=Binildas |title=Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Event-Based Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud |date=2019 |publisher=Apress L. P |isbn=978-1-4842-4501-9 |location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref>

Cell-based architecture has been adopted in some large-scale distributed systems, particularly in cloud-native and high-availability environments, where fault isolation and redundancy are key design considerations. Its implementation varies depending on system requirements, infrastructure constraints, and operational objectives. <ref name=":25">{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Sam |title=Building Microservices |date=2015-02-20 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |isbn=978-1491950357}}</ref><ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Chris |title=Microservices patterns: with examples in Java |date=2019 |publisher=Manning Publications |isbn=978-1-61729-454-9 |location=Shelter Island, NY}}</ref><ref name=":44">{{Cite book |last=Christudas |first=Binildas |title=Practical Microservices Architectural Patterns: Event-Based Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud |date=2019 |publisher=Apress L. P |isbn=978-1-4842-4501-9 |location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref>