Editing Diplomatic immunity (section)

=== Others ===

Other categories of government officials that may travel frequently to other countries may not have diplomatic passports or diplomatic immunity, such as members of the military, high-ranking government officials, ministers, and others. For the US military, [[official passport]]s can be used for work related travels only.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Valid passport - the key to summer travel|url=https://www.army.mil/article/38435/valid_passport_the_key_to_summer_travel|access-date=2020-10-24|website=www.army.mil|date=3 May 2010 |language=en}}</ref> Many countries provide non-diplomatic official passports to such personnel, and there may be different classes of such travel documents such as [[official passport]]s, [[service passport]]s, and others. De facto recognition of some form of immunity may be conveyed by states accepting officials traveling on such documents, or there may exist bilateral agreements to govern such cases (as in, for example, the case of military personnel conducting or observing exercises on the territory of the receiving country).

Formally, diplomatic immunity may be limited to officials accredited to a host country, or traveling to or from their host country. In practice, many countries may effectively recognize diplomatic immunity for those traveling on diplomatic passports, with admittance to the country constituting acceptance of the diplomatic status. However, this is not universal, and diplomats have been prosecuted and jailed for crimes committed outside the country they are accredited to.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-diplomat-lawyer-ordered-to-pay-costs-for-frivolous-9941168|title=Saudi diplomat's lawyer ordered to pay costs for 'frivolous' application to Court of Appeal|website=channelnewsasia.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319060942/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-diplomat-lawyer-ordered-to-pay-costs-for-frivolous-9941168|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=19 March 2018}}</ref>

As a result of their title, diplomats are exempt from being prosecuted by the state in open court when they are suspected to be guilty of a crime.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office of Legal Affairs |first=United Nations |date=18 April 1961 |title=Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations |url=https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref> Not only are these agents free from the criminal jurisdiction of the state, they are also immune from administrative and civil jurisdiction. This applies for most scenarios; however, there are some exceptions when the diplomatic immunity is subject to waiver.

# Any events that are associated with individual stationary property in the land of the given receiving State – with the exception of whether or not he is directed to do so for a plan. 
# Any events with regards to a diplomat serving as another role from another State, including heir, inheritor of a will, executor, administrator.
# Any activity by a diplomat, in the receiving State, that is related to any professional or commercial operations beyond the scope of his directed responsibilities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amt|first=Auswärtiges|title=Diplomatic immunity – significance and limits|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/themen/internatrecht/diplomatic-immunity/2303758|access-date=2020-10-27|website=German Federal Foreign Office|language=en}}</ref>

[[Asadollah Asadi]], an [[Iran]]ian diplomat, was arrested while returning to his residence in [[Austria]] on a highway in [[Germany]] on June 10, 2018, accused of being involved in an attempted bombing at a gathering of the [[National Council of Resistance of Iran]] (a political organisation opposing the Iranian regime).<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55931633|title=France bomb plot: Iran diplomat Assadollah Assadi sentenced to 20 years|language=en|work=BBC News|date=4 February 2021}}</ref> While Assadi was entitled to diplomatic immunity where applicable, it was deemed that he was not protected when he was arrested as he was on holiday (in Germany) outside the country where he was posted and hence protected.<ref name=sentence>{{Cite news |title=Belgian court sentences Iranian diplomat to 20 years over bomb plot |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |newspaper=The Guardian |date=4 February 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/04/assadollah-assadi-belgian-court-sentences-iranian-diplomat-20-years-french-bomb-plot}}</ref>