Editing Digital media (section)

=== The digital revolution ===
[[File:Motorola flip phone, closed.jpg|thumb|Motorola phones in their first generation of production]]
{{See also|Digital Revolution}}
Since the 1960s, computing power and storage capacity have increased exponentially, largely as a result of [[MOSFET scaling]] which enables [[MOS transistor]] [[transistor count|counts]] to increase at a rapid pace predicted by [[Moore's law]].<ref name="Motoyoshi">{{cite journal |last1=Motoyoshi |first1=M. |s2cid=29105721 |title=Through-Silicon Via (TSV) |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |date=2009 |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=43–48 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007462 |issn=0018-9219}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race - CHM Revolution |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/279 |website=[[Computer History Museum]] |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310142421/https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/279 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Transistors Keep Moore's Law Alive |url=https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1334068 |access-date=18 July 2019 |work=[[EETimes]] |date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924091622/https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Personal computer]]s and [[smartphone]]s put the ability to access, modify, store and share digital media in the hands of billions of people. Many electronic devices, from [[digital camera]]s to [[unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]]s have the ability to create, transmit and view digital media. Combined with the [[World Wide Web]] and the [[Internet]], digital media has transformed 21st century society in a way that is frequently compared to the cultural, economic and social impact of the [[printing press]].<ref name=infoage /><ref name=aclib>{{cite news|last=Bazillion|first=Richard|title=Academic libraries in the digital revolution|url=http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0119.pdf|access-date=31 March 2014|newspaper=Educause Quarterly|date=2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503055833/http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EQM0119.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2013}}</ref> The change has been so rapid and so widespread that it has launched an economic transition from an industrial economy to an information-based economy, creating a new period in human history known as the [[Information Age]] or the [[digital revolution]].<ref name=infoage />

The transition has created some uncertainty about definitions. Digital media, [[new media]], [[multimedia]], and similar terms all have a relationship to both the engineering innovations and cultural impact of digital media.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lauer |first=Claire |title=Contending with Terms: "Multimodal" and "Multimedia" in the Academic and Public Spheres |journal=Computers and Composition |date=2009 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=225–239 |url=http://dmp.osu.edu/dmac/supmaterials/lauer.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.compcom.2009.09.001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327001010/http://dmp.osu.edu/dmac/supmaterials/lauer.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-27 |citeseerx=10.1.1.457.673 }}</ref>  The blending of digital media with other media, and with cultural and social factors, is sometimes known as new media or "the new media."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf |last=Ito |first=Mizuko |title=Living and learning with the new media: summary of findings from the digital youth project |date=November 2008 |access-date=April 27, 2022 |display-authors=etal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127101442/http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf |archive-date=November 27, 2008}}</ref> Similarly, digital media seems to demand a new set of communications skills, called [[transliteracy]], [[media literacy]], or [[digital literacy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Digital literacy definition|url=http://connect.ala.org/node/181197|publisher=ALA Connect|access-date=30 March 2014|date=14 September 2012|archive-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303062752/http://connect.ala.org/node/181197|url-status=live}}</ref> These skills include not only the ability to read and write—traditional [[literacy]]—but the ability to navigate the Internet, evaluate sources, and create digital content.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is digital literacy?|url=http://digitalliteracy.cornell.edu/welcome/dpl0000.html|work=Cornell University Digital Literacy Resource|publisher=Cornell University|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626082655/http://digitalliteracy.cornell.edu/welcome/dpl0000.html|archive-date=26 June 2010}}</ref> The idea that we are moving toward a fully digital, paperless society is accompanied by the fear that we may soon—or currently—be facing a [[digital dark age]], in which older media are no longer accessible on modern devices or using modern methods of scholarship.<ref name="darkage"/> Digital media has a significant, wide-ranging and complex effect on society and culture.<ref name=infoage />

A senior engineer at [[Motorola]] named Martin Cooper was the first person to make a phone call on April 3, 1973. He decided the first phone call should be to a rival telecommunications company saying "I'm speaking via a mobile phone".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.knowyourmobile.com/phones/the-history-of-mobile-phones-from-1973-to-2008-the-handsets-that-made-it-all-happen-d58/|title=History of Mobile Phones (1973–2008): The Cellphone Game-Changers!|date=2020-04-15|website=Know Your Mobile|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320161909/https://www.knowyourmobile.com/phones/the-history-of-mobile-phones-from-1973-to-2008-the-handsets-that-made-it-all-happen-d58/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ten years later, Motorola released the [[Motorola DynaTAC]], the first commercially available mobile phone. In the early 1990s Nokia released the [[Nokia 1011]], the first mass-produced mobile phone.<ref name=":0" /> The number of smartphone users has increased dramatically, as has the commercial landscape. While [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]] both dominate the smartphone market. A study By [[Gartner]] found that in 2016 about 88% of the worldwide smartphones were Android while iOS had a market share of about 12%.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2017/02/current-trends-future-prospects-mobile-app-market/|title=Current Trends And Future Prospects Of The Mobile App Market|date=2017-02-20|website=Smashing Magazine|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804201639/https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2017/02/current-trends-future-prospects-mobile-app-market/|url-status=live}}</ref> About 85% of the mobile market revenue came from mobile games.<ref name=":12"/>

The impact of the digital revolution can also be assessed by exploring the amount of worldwide mobile smart device users there are. This can be split into 2 categories; smart phone users and smart tablet users. Worldwide there are currently 2.32 billion [[smartphone]] users across the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/|title=Number of smartphone users worldwide 2014-2020 {{!}} Statista|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=2017-05-12|archive-date=2017-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626212405/https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/|url-status=live}}</ref> This figure is to exceed 2.87 billion by 2020. Smart tablet users reached a total of 1 billion in 2015, 15% of the world's population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Tablet-Users-Surpass-1-Billion-Worldwide-2015/1011806|title=Tablet Users to Surpass 1 Billion Worldwide in 2015 - eMarketer|website=www.emarketer.com|language=en|access-date=2017-05-12|archive-date=2016-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027125417/http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Tablet-Users-Surpass-1-Billion-Worldwide-2015/1011806|url-status=live}}</ref>

The statistics evidence the impact of digital media communications today. What is also of relevance is the fact that the number of smart device users is rising rapidly yet the amount of functional uses increase daily. A smartphone or tablet can be used for hundreds of daily needs. There are currently over 1 million apps on the Apple App store.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/22/4866302/apple-announces-1-million-apps-in-the-app-store|title=Apple announces 1 million apps in the App Store, more than 1 billion songs played on iTunes radio|date=2013-10-22|website=The Verge|access-date=2017-05-12|archive-date=2017-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512171633/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/22/4866302/apple-announces-1-million-apps-in-the-app-store|url-status=live}}</ref> These are all opportunities for [[digital marketing]] efforts. A smartphone user is impacted with digital advertising every second they open their Apple or Android device. This further evidences the digital revolution and the impact of revolution.<ref>{{cite book |last=jaehyun |first=Lee |date=2013-02-25 |title=뉴미디어 이론|trans-title=New Media Theory |language=KOREAN |location=KOREA |publisher=Communication Books |isbn=978-89-6680-847-2|quote=We experience virtuality and reality through new media. We experience media, content everywhere. Still, the media is a device that disciplines our sensory patterns, body organs, and cognitive processes. P107}}</ref> This has resulted in a total of 13 billion dollars being paid out to the various app developers over the years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/22/4866302/apple-announces-1-million-apps-in-the-app-store|title=Apple announces 1 million apps in the App Store, more than 1 billion songs played on iTunes radio|last=Ingraham|first=Nathan|date=2013-10-22|website=The Verge|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=2017-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512171633/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/22/4866302/apple-announces-1-million-apps-in-the-app-store|url-status=live}}</ref> This growth has fueled the development of millions of software applications. Most of these apps are able to generate income via in app advertising.<ref name=":12"/> Gross revenue for 2020 is projected to be about $189 million.<ref name=":12" />