Editing Developmental psychology (section)

===Stages based on the model of hierarchical complexity===
{{Main|Model of hierarchical complexity}}
[[Michael Commons]] enhanced and simplified [[Bärbel Inhelder]] and Piaget's developmental theory and offers a standard method of examining the universal pattern of development. The Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC) is not based on the assessment of domain-specific information, It divides the Order of Hierarchical Complexity of tasks to be addressed from the Stage performance on those tasks. A stage is the order hierarchical complexity of the tasks the participant's successfully addresses. He expanded Piaget's original eight stage (counting the half stages) to seventeen stages. The stages are:

# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Calculatory]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Automatic]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Sensory & Motor]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Circular sensory-motor]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Sensory-motor]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Nominal]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Sentential]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Preoperational]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Primary]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Concrete]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Abstract]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Formal]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Systematic]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Metasystematic]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Paradigmatic]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Cross-paradigmatic]]
# [[Model of hierarchical complexity|Meta-Cross-paradigmatic]]

The order of hierarchical complexity of tasks predicts how difficult the performance is with an R ranging from 0.9 to 0.98.

In the MHC, there are three main axioms for an order to meet in order for the higher order task to coordinate the next lower order task. Axioms are rules that are followed to determine how the MHC orders actions to form a hierarchy. These axioms are: a) defined in terms of tasks at the next lower order of hierarchical complexity task action; b) defined as the higher order task action that organizes two or more less complex actions; that is, the more complex action specifies the way in which the less complex actions combine; c) defined as the lower order task actions have to be carried out non-arbitrarily.{{fact|date=January 2025}}