Editing Demographics of Nepal (section)

== Ethnic and regional equity ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Ethnic groups of Nepal (2023)<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|label1 = [[Chhetri]]
|value1 = 16.45
|color1 = red
|label2 = [[Bahun]]
|value2 = 11.29
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Magars|Magar]]
|value3 = 6.9
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Tharu people|Tharu]]
|value4 = 6.2
|color4 = Chartreuse
|label5 = [[Tamang people|Tamang]]
|value5 = 5.62
|color5 = DodgerBlue
|label6 = [[Newar people|Newar]]
|value6 = 4.6
|color6 = HotPink
|label7 = [[Kami (caste)|Kami]]
|value7 = 5.04
|color7 = Black
|label8 = [[Nepalese Muslims|Muslim]]
|value8 = 4.86
|color8 = silver
|label9 = [[Yadav]]
|value9 = 4.21
|color9 = cyan
|label10 = [[Rai people|Rai]]
|value10 = 2.2
|color10 = Yellow
|label11 = Others
|value11 = 32.63
|color11 = grey
}}
[[File:Indigenous magar girls of Nepal.JPG|thumb|Magar girls of Nepal|alt=]]
[[File:Gurkhas.jpg|thumb|[[Nepalis|Nepali]] [[Gurkhas|Gorkhas]]]]
[[File:Nepali culture.JPG|thumb|Hill brahmin girls in traditional attire]]
[[File:Damfu nepal.jpg|thumb|[[Tamang people|Magar Men]] playing their traditional instrument "[[Damphu drum|Khaijadi]]]]
{{main|Ethnic groups in Nepal}}
[[File:Largest Ethnicity-Caste in Nepal's District.png|thumb|221x221px|Largest Ethnicity/Caste in Districts of Nepal]]

[[Nepali language|Nepali]] was the national language and [[Sanskrit]] became a required school subject.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/17/government-decision-to-introduce-sanskrit-in-school-education-draws-controversy| title = Government decision to introduce Sanskrit in school education draws controversy| access-date = 9 July 2020| archive-date = 11 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200711070225/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/17/government-decision-to-introduce-sanskrit-in-school-education-draws-controversy| url-status = live}}</ref> Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances{{Citation needed|reason=No statistics provided|date=February 2020}} of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. Children who natively spoke local languages of the [[Madheshi people|Madhesh]] and [[Geography of Nepal|Hills]], or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage. This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as [[Madhesi people|Madhesi]] and [[Tharu people|Tharu]] in the [[Tharuhat]] and [[Madhesh]] and [[Kham Magar]] in the mid-western hills to support the [[Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the [[JTMM]] during and after the [[Nepalese Civil War|Nepali Civil War]]. The negotiated end to this war forced King [[Gyanendra of Nepal|Gyanendra]] to abdicate in 2008. Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive. Today, even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict, the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal. Although Newars are low in numbers, their urban living habitat gives them a competitive advantage. Kayastha of Madhesh are the toppers in Human Development Index.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=16224 | title=Include whom? – Nepali Times | access-date=17 September 2020 | archive-date=22 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922232139/http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=16224 | url-status=live }}</ref> From a [[Gender inequality in Nepal|gender perspective]], Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector. Brahmin and Chhetri women have experienced less social and economic mobility compared to Newari women. Specifically, Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare advantages.<ref name=OCHA1>{{cite journal|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/B66F206172F49BE4C12572D50030C3F0/$file/OCHA+overview+no+12+April+07.pdf |title=OCHA Nepal – Situation Overview |issue=12 |date=April 2007 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |access-date=2011-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113112940/http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/B66F206172F49BE4C12572D50030C3F0/$file/OCHA+overview+no+12+April+07.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2009 }}</ref><ref name=OCHA2>{{cite journal |url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2E89F2121C2C57A24925733F000F4F21-Full_report.pdf |title=OCHA Nepal – Situation Overview |issue=16 |date=July–August 2007 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=23 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923155732/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2E89F2121C2C57A24925733F000F4F21-Full_report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=OCHA3>{{cite journal|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/5CC0BE0C971587F2C1257496004A9B9E/$file/ocha+sitrep+12+july08.pdf |title=OCHA Nepal – Situation Overview |issue=30 |date=June–July 2008 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |access-date=2011-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218090410/http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/5CC0BE0C971587F2C1257496004A9B9E/$file/ocha+sitrep+12+july08.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Him-ext">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Body+of+murder+victim+found+in+Gulmi&NewsID=266104 |title=Body of murder victim found in Gulmi |publisher=The Himalayan Times online |location=Gulmi |first=Hari |last=Sharma |date=2010-11-18 |access-date=2011-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525142109/http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Body+of+murder+victim+found+in+Gulmi&NewsID=266104 |archive-date=25 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name=Hatlebakk07>{{cite web |last=Hatlebakk |first=Magnus |year=2007 |title=Economic and social structures that may explain the recent conflicts in the Terai of Nepal |location=[[Kathmandu]] |publisher=Norwegian Embassy |url=http://www.norway.org.np/NR/rdonlyres/0993F5660B3548A98F819167B4FD596C/72944/http___wwwcmi.pdf |access-date=2011-05-08 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724190445/http://www.norway.org.np/NR/rdonlyres/0993F5660B3548A98F819167B4FD596C/72944/http___wwwcmi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>