Editing Demographics of Libya (section)

==Ethnic groups==
[[File:Libya ethnic.svg|thumb|300px|Ethnic composition of the Libyan population in 1974 (CIA map)
{{legend|#D4B56E|[[Arabs|Arab]] and [[Arab-Berber]]}}
{{legend|#FF951E|[[Berber people|Berber]]}}
{{legend|#D66DFF|[[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]}}
{{legend|#B6FF70|[[Toubou people|Toubou]]}}
{{legend|#c8c8c8|Uninhabited}}
]]
97% of Libya's population is made up of [[Arabs]] and [[Berbers]],<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/|title= Africa :: LIBYA|date= 19 April 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref> of which 92% are Arabs, 5% are Berbers.<ref name="Population of Libya"/> The remaining ethnic groups consist of Tuaregs and Toubou people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |url=https://www.iwgia.org/en/libya.html |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=www.iwgia.org}}</ref>
{{Pie chart|caption=Ethnic groups in Libya<ref name="Population of Libya">{{Cite web |title=Population of Libya |url=https://fanack.com/libya/population-of-libya/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Fanack.com |language=en-US}}</ref>|color1=DarkGreen|label1=[[Arabs]]|label2=[[Berbers]]|value1=92|value2=5 |color2=Yellow |color3=LightBlue |label3=Others|value3=3}}
The majority of the population of Libya is primarily [[Arabs|Arab]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of Libya |url=https://fanack.com/libya/population/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226184215/https://fanack.com/libya/population/ |archive-date=2021-02-26 |access-date=2019-06-27 |website=Fanack.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Unofficial estimates put the number of [[Berbers]] in Libya at around 600,000, about 10% of the population of Libya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurutuza |first=Karlos |title=Berbers fear ethnic conflict |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/1/6/libyas-berbers-fear-ethnic-conflict |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Among the Berber groups are the minority Berber populations of [[Zuwarah]] and the [[Nafusa Mountains]],<ref name="Ghadamès" /> and the nomadic [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]], who inhabit the southwestern areas as well as parts of southeastern [[Algeria]], northern [[Mali]], [[Niger]] and [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="Ghadamès">{{Cite web |title=Ghadamès |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gha |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> In the southeast, also there are small populations of [[Toubou people|Toubou]] (Tibbu). They inhabit about a quarter of the country and are also found in [[Chad]] and [[Niger]]. The [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]] are another smaller minority ethnic group that is found along the southeastern border of Libya with Chad and [[Sudan]].<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://cache.kzoo.edu/items/566f0927-017c-40c6-ab39-fcbf102003cb|title=Embracing Islam: The Zaghawa People's Transformation of Beliefs and Tradition in Chad|date=November 2023 |publisher=Kalamazoo College|access-date=22 October 2024 |last1=Amir |first1=Darsalam }}</ref>
Among foreign residents, the largest groups are from other [[Africa]]n nations, including citizens of other [[North Africa]]n nations (primarily [[Egypt]]ians) and [[West Africa]]ns.

There are also a significant number of [[Kouloughlis|Kouloughli]] families, who are descended of various ethnic groups like [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Circassians]] and some [[Bosniaks]] and [[Albanians]].

===Tribal groups===
Libyan society is to a large extent structured along [[tribe|tribal]] lines, with more than 20 major tribal groups.<ref name="af.reuters.com">{{cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/idAFLDE71L2K720110222|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716000305/http://af.reuters.com/article/idAFLDE71L2K720110222 |archive-date=16 July 2011|title=UPDATE 1-FACTBOX-Tribal ties key to Gaddafi rule|work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>

The major tribal groups of Libya in 2011 were listed:<ref name="af.reuters.com"/>
*[[Tripolitania|Tripolitan]] settled tribes: Misurata Ahali, Misurata Karagula, Geryan, Zawia, Misalata, Zwara Berber, Khumus
*[[Tripolitania|Tripolitan]] Bedouin tribes: [[Warfalla]], Tarhona, [[Zintan|Al-Zintan]], Al-Rijban, Awlad Suleiman
*[[Cyrenaica]]n Bedouin tribes: Al-Awagir, Al-Abaydat, Drasa, Al-Barasa, Al-Fawakhir, [[Zuwayya|Al-Zuwayya]], Al-Majabra
*[[Sirte]] Bedouin: Awlad Suleiman, [[Qadhadhfa]], [[Magarha|Al-Magarha]], Al-Magharba, Al-Riyyah, Al-Haraba, Al-Zuwaid, Al-Guwaid
*[[Fezzan]]: Awlad Suleiman, Hutman, Hassawna, [[Toubou people|Toubou]], [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]
*[[Kufra District|Kufra]]: [[Zuwayya|Al-Zuwayya]]; [[Toubou people|Toubou]]

Some of the ancient Berber tribes include: Adyrmachidae, Auschisae, Es'bet, Temeh'u, Teh'nu, Rebu, Kehek, KeyKesh, Imukehek, Meshwesh, Macetae, Macatutae, Nasamones, Nitriotae, and Tautamaei.<ref name="Temehu"/>

{{As of|2012}} the major tribal groups of Libya, by region, were as follows:<ref>Souhail Karam, Jon Hemming, Tribal ties key to Gaddafi rule, Reuters (2011)[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716000305/http://af.reuters.com/article/idAFLDE71L2K720110222]</ref> 
* [[Tripolitania]]: alawana-Souk El Joma'a, AL-Mahameed, Warfalla, Tarhona, Misurata tribes, Al-Jawary, Siyan Tribe, The Warshfana tribes, Zawia Groups, Ghryan Tribes, AL-Asabea, Al-Fwatir, Awlad Busayf, Zintan, Al-jbalya, Zwara, Alajelat, Al-Nawael tribe, Alalqa tribe, Al-Rijban, al Mashashi, Amaym.
* [[Cyrenaica]]: AJ-JWAZY, Al-Awagir, Magharba, Al-Abaydat, Drasa, Al-Barasa, Al-Fawakhir, Zuwayya, Majabra, Awama, Minfa, Taraki, alawana, Shwa'ir and in Kufra Zuwayya, [[Toubou people|Toubou]].
* [[Sirte District|Sirte]]: Awlad Suleiman, Qadhadhfa, Magharba, Al-Hosoon, Ferrjan
* [[Fezzan]]: Awlad Suleiman, Al-Riyyah, Magarha, Al-Zuwaid, Al-Hutman, Al-Hassawna; Toubou, [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]].
* [[Kufra District|Kufra]]: Zuwayya; Toubou.

===Foreign population===
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2020}}
[[File:Building house.jpg|thumb|Migrant workers from [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]]]
As of 2020 the foreign population is estimated at 12%,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya: migrants as share of population 2000-2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1231180/international-migrants-as-a-share-of-total-population-in-libya/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> most of whom are [[migrant worker]]s in the oil industry from [[Tunisia]] and [[Egypt]], but also including small numbers of [[Greeks]], [[Maltese people|Maltese]], [[Italians]], [[Pakistanis]], [[Palestinians]], [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Indian people|Indians]], and people from former [[Yugoslavs|Yugoslavia]]. Due to the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]], most of these migrant workers have returned to their homelands or simply left the country for a different one, however a good minority still work in Libya.
According to news accounts in Allafrica.com, and the Libya Herald, between 1 million and 2 million [[Egyptians]] are resident in Libya with [[Demographics of Sudan|Sudanese]] and [[Tunisians]] numbering in the hundreds to thousands. There are also up to a million undocumented migrants mainly from [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] residing in Libya. The Tunisian population in Libya, is estimate and around 211,000<ref>{{cite news |date=23 February 2025|title=Tunisian Arab in Libya|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15641/LY |work=joshuaproject.net|first=|last=|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>

===Genetics===

====Y-chromosome====

Analysis of Y-chromosome have found that the Libyan population is characterized by the high frequency of [[Haplogroup J-M267|haplogroup J1-P58]] (37.2%)<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last1=Fadhlaoui-Zid |first1=Karima |last2=Haber |first2=Marc |last3=Martínez-Cruz |first3=Begoña |last4=Zalloua |first4=Pierre |last5=Benammar Elgaaied |first5=Amel |last6=Comas |first6=David |date=2013-11-27 |editor-last=Arthofer |editor-first=Wolfgang |title=Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=e80293 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0080293 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3842387 |pmid=24312208 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...880293F |doi-access=free }}</ref> and [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|haplogroup E-M81]] (33%).<ref name="auto" />

Listed here are the [[human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups]] in Libya taken from a sample of 215 unrelated males.<ref name="auto" />

{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:middle;"
|-
! Y-Haplogroup
! Frequency
! Percentage
|-
| J1-P58
| 80
| {{percentage bar|37.21}}
|-
| E1-M81(xM107, M165)
| 71
| {{percentage bar|33.02}}
|-
| [[Haplogroup E-V68|E1-M78]]
| 29
| {{percentage bar|13.49}}
|-
| [[Haplogroup G-M201#G2 (P287)|G2-P15]]
| 11
| {{percentage bar|5.12}}
|-
| [[Haplogroup J-M172#Subclade distribution|J2-M158]]
| 7
| {{percentage bar|3.26}}
|-
| R1b-M343
| 5
| {{percentage bar|2.33}}
|-
| E1-M123
| 4
| {{percentage bar|1.86}}
|-
| E1-M2
| 3
| {{percentage bar|1.40}}
|-
| J2-M92
| 2
| {{percentage bar|0.93}}
|-
| E1-M35(xM78, M81, M123)
| 2
| {{percentage bar|0.93}}
|-
| R1a
| 1
| {{percentage bar|0.47}}
|-
| Total
| 215
| {{percentage bar|100.00}}
|}