Editing Demographics of Canada (section)

=== Fertility rate ===
[[File:Total Fertility Rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Total fertility rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016]]
The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement<ref name="publications.gc.ca">{{citation |author=Jacques Henripin |title=Trends and Factors of Fertility in Canada |date=1972 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |pages=30, 33 |location=Ottawa |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{citation |title=Fertility: Fewer children, older moms |date=July 17, 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2014002-eng.htm#a1 |website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> and since then has not rebounded.<ref name="publications.gc.ca" />

Canada's [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020,<ref name="CIC News">{{cite web|url=https://www.cicnews.com/2023/02/why-birth-rates-are-low-in-canada-and-much-of-the-western-world-0232764.html#gs.qhxuy9|title=Why birth rates are low in Canada and much of the Western world|author=Vimal Sivakumar|date=8 February 2023|website=CIC News}}</ref> below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years,<ref name="CIC News"/> also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century.<ref name="CIC News"/> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" />
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="30" |Total fertility rate
! colspan="10" |Years<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roser |first=Max |date=2014-02-19 |title=Fertility Rate |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
!1861
!1862
!1863
!1864
!1865
!1866
!1867
!1868
!1869
!1870
|-
|5.72
|5.63
|5.54
|5.44
|5.35
|5.26
|5.17
|5.07
|4.98
|4.89
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1871
!1872
!1873
!1874
!1875
!1876
!1877
!1878
!1879
!1880
|-
|4.83
|4.77
|4.75
|4.72
|4.7
|4.68
|4.65
|4.63
|4.6
|4.53
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1881
!1882
!1883
!1884
!1885
!1886
!1887
!1888
!1899
!1890
|-
|4.56
|4.52
|4.49
|4.45
|4.42
|4.38
|4.35
|4.31
|4.27
|4.24
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1891
!1892
!1893
!1894
!1895
!1896
!1897
!1898
!1899
!1900
|-
|4.2
|4.19
|4.17
|4.15
|4.13
|4.11
|4.1
|4.08
|4.06
|4.04
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1901
!1902
!1903
!1904
!1905
!1906
!1907
!1908
!1909
!1910
|-
|4.02
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.05
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1911
!1912
!1913
!1914
!1915
!1916
!1917
!1918
!1919
!1920
|-
|4.05
|4
|3.95
|3.89
|3.84
|3.79
|3.74
|3.68
|3.63
|3.58
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1921
!1922
!1923
!1924
!1925
!1926
!1927
!1928
!1929
!1930
|-
|3.53
|3.4
|3.23
|3.22
|3.13
|3.35
|3.32
|3.29
|3.22
|3.28
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1931
!1932
!1933
!1934
!1935
!1936
!1937
!1938
!1939
!1940
|-
|3.19
|3.08
|2.86
|2.8
|2.75
|2.69
|2.64
|2.7
|2.65
|2.76
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1941
!1942
!1943
!1944
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
|-
|2.82
|2.96
|3.04
|3
|3.01
|3.37
|3.59
|3.44
|3.45
|3.45
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1961
!1971
!1981
!1991
!2001
!2006
!2011
!2016
!2021
!-
|-
|3.81
|2.11
|1.65
|1.67
|1.52
|1.6
|1.63
|1.58
|1.46
| –
|}

====Total fertility rates by provinces and territories====
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"|-
|+ 2023<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2022003-eng.htm Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard]</ref>
!Province/Territory
!TFR
|-
|{{flag|Nunavut}}||2.48
|-
|{{flag|Saskatchewan}}||1.63
|-
|{{flag|Manitoba}}||1.52
|-
|{{flag|Alberta}}||1.41
|-
|{{flag|Northwest Territories}}||1.39
|-
|{{flag|Quebec}}||1.38
|-
|'''{{flag|Canada}}'''||'''1.26'''
|-
|{{flag|New Brunswick}}||1.24
|-
|{{flag|Ontario}}||1.22
|-
|{{flag|Prince Edward Island}}||1.16
|-
|{{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}}||1.08
|-
|{{flag|Nova Scotia}}||1.05
|-
|{{flag|Yukon}}||1.01
|-
|{{flag|British Columbia}}||1.00
|}

==== Mother's mean age at first birth ====
Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.<ref name="statcangc">{{cite web|url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/960-fewer-babies-born-canadas-fertility-rate-hits-record-low-2020|title=Fewer babies born as Canada's fertility rate hits a record low in 2020|date=May 16, 2022|website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="27" |Average age of childbirth at first birth<ref name=":1" />
! colspan="11" |Year
|-
|-
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
!1951
!1952
!1953
!1954
!1955
|-
|25.2
|25.1
|24.9
|24.7
|24.6
|24.5
|24.3
|24.2
|24.2
|24.1
|24.1
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1956
!1957
!1958
!1959
!1960
!1961
!1962
!1963
!1964
!1965
!1966
|-
|24
|23.9
|23.8
|23.7
|23.7
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.5
|23.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1967
!1968
!1969
!1970
!1971
!1972
!1973
!1974
!1975
!1976
!1977
|-
|23.6
|23.6
|23.7
|23.7
|23.9
|24
|24.1
|24.3
|24.3
|24.4
|24.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1978
!1979
!1980
!1981
!1982
!1983
!1984
!1985
!1986
!1987
!1988
|-
|24.7
|24.8
|24.9
|25
|25.1
|25.3
|25.4
|25.5
|25.6
|25.7
|25.8
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1989
!1990
!1991
!1992
!1993
!1994
!1995
!1996
!1997
!1998
!1999
|-
|25.8
|25.9
|25.9
|26.1
|26.3
|26.2
|26.3
|26.5
|26.7
|26.8
|27
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
|-
|27.1
|27.3
|27.5
|27.8
|27.9
|28
|28
|28.1
|28.1
|28.2
|28.4
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2011
| colspan="10" rowspan="3" |
|-
|28.5
|-
|
|}